Erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms of Fe–Cr–C and WC–Fe–Cr–C PTA overlays in concentrated slurries
In this investigation the microstructure and erosion–corrosion behaviour of a Fe–Cr–C overlay (FeCrC–matrix) produced by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA) and its metal matrix composite (FeCrC–MMC) were assessed. The FeCrC–MMC was obtained by the addition of 65 wt.% of tungsten carbide (WC). The...
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| creator | Flores, J.F. Neville, A. Kapur, N. Gnanavelu, A. |
| description | In this investigation the microstructure and erosion–corrosion behaviour of a Fe–Cr–C overlay (FeCrC–matrix) produced by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA) and its metal matrix composite (FeCrC–MMC) were assessed. The FeCrC–MMC was obtained by the addition of 65
wt.% of tungsten carbide (WC). The erosion–corrosion tests (ECTs) were carried out using a submerged impinging jet (SIJ); after the ECTs the surface of the overlays was analysed to identify the damage mechanisms. Two different temperatures (20 and 65
°C) and sand concentrations (10 and 50
g/l) were used in a solution of 1000
ppm of Cl
− and a pH value of 8.5; the conditions were chosen to be representative of the recycling water in the tailings line in the oilsands industry. The FeCrC–matrix showed a dendritic structure and a high concentration of carbides in the interdendritic zone. The addition of the WC reinforcing phase promoted the formation of W-rich intermetallic phases, increased the microhardness values of the matrix phase of the FeCrC–MMC overlay and dramatically improved its erosion–corrosion performance as expected. For the FeCrC–matrix overlay the main erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms were severe plastic deformation and the formation and removal of material flakes due to consecutive impacts. At 65
°C the dendritic zone was severely corroded in the area of low impact frequency. The FeCrC–MMC showed greater attack of the matrix phase compared to the WC grains; at high sand concentration the WC grains were severely fractured and flattened. The anodic polarisation analysis showed active corrosion behaviour of the FeCrC–MMC at both temperatures and sand concentrations; however the temperature dramatically increased the corrosion process of the surface studied under erosion–corrosion conditions. The paper assesses the degradation mechanisms of both FeCrC–matrix and FeCrC–MMC with the aim of understanding what aspects of MMCs must be adapted for optimum erosion–corrosion resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wear.2009.02.005 |
| format | Article |
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wt.% of tungsten carbide (WC). The erosion–corrosion tests (ECTs) were carried out using a submerged impinging jet (SIJ); after the ECTs the surface of the overlays was analysed to identify the damage mechanisms. Two different temperatures (20 and 65
°C) and sand concentrations (10 and 50
g/l) were used in a solution of 1000
ppm of Cl
− and a pH value of 8.5; the conditions were chosen to be representative of the recycling water in the tailings line in the oilsands industry. The FeCrC–matrix showed a dendritic structure and a high concentration of carbides in the interdendritic zone. The addition of the WC reinforcing phase promoted the formation of W-rich intermetallic phases, increased the microhardness values of the matrix phase of the FeCrC–MMC overlay and dramatically improved its erosion–corrosion performance as expected. For the FeCrC–matrix overlay the main erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms were severe plastic deformation and the formation and removal of material flakes due to consecutive impacts. At 65
°C the dendritic zone was severely corroded in the area of low impact frequency. The FeCrC–MMC showed greater attack of the matrix phase compared to the WC grains; at high sand concentration the WC grains were severely fractured and flattened. The anodic polarisation analysis showed active corrosion behaviour of the FeCrC–MMC at both temperatures and sand concentrations; however the temperature dramatically increased the corrosion process of the surface studied under erosion–corrosion conditions. The paper assesses the degradation mechanisms of both FeCrC–matrix and FeCrC–MMC with the aim of understanding what aspects of MMCs must be adapted for optimum erosion–corrosion resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2577</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2009.02.005</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WEARAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Contact of materials. Friction. Wear ; Corrosion ; Degradation ; Erosion-corrosion ; Exact sciences and technology ; Friction, wear, lubrication ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; Grains ; Inelasticity (thermoplasticity, viscoplasticity...) ; Iron ; Machine components ; Mechanical engineering. Machine design ; Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology ; Metal matrix composites ; Metals. Metallurgy ; Physics ; Plasma transferred arc ; Plastic deformation ; Sand ; Slurry erosion ; Solid mechanics ; Structural and continuum mechanics</subject><ispartof>Wear, 2009-10, Vol.267 (11), p.1811-1820</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-d3628d19e94436e7572e9c9a982ccc14dd620e1e57af1f009f52268cac36a9613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-d3628d19e94436e7572e9c9a982ccc14dd620e1e57af1f009f52268cac36a9613</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164809000933$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,776,780,785,786,3537,23909,23910,25118,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22239438$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Flores, J.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neville, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kapur, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gnanavelu, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms of Fe–Cr–C and WC–Fe–Cr–C PTA overlays in concentrated slurries</title><title>Wear</title><description>In this investigation the microstructure and erosion–corrosion behaviour of a Fe–Cr–C overlay (FeCrC–matrix) produced by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA) and its metal matrix composite (FeCrC–MMC) were assessed. The FeCrC–MMC was obtained by the addition of 65
wt.% of tungsten carbide (WC). The erosion–corrosion tests (ECTs) were carried out using a submerged impinging jet (SIJ); after the ECTs the surface of the overlays was analysed to identify the damage mechanisms. Two different temperatures (20 and 65
°C) and sand concentrations (10 and 50
g/l) were used in a solution of 1000
ppm of Cl
− and a pH value of 8.5; the conditions were chosen to be representative of the recycling water in the tailings line in the oilsands industry. The FeCrC–matrix showed a dendritic structure and a high concentration of carbides in the interdendritic zone. The addition of the WC reinforcing phase promoted the formation of W-rich intermetallic phases, increased the microhardness values of the matrix phase of the FeCrC–MMC overlay and dramatically improved its erosion–corrosion performance as expected. For the FeCrC–matrix overlay the main erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms were severe plastic deformation and the formation and removal of material flakes due to consecutive impacts. At 65
°C the dendritic zone was severely corroded in the area of low impact frequency. The FeCrC–MMC showed greater attack of the matrix phase compared to the WC grains; at high sand concentration the WC grains were severely fractured and flattened. The anodic polarisation analysis showed active corrosion behaviour of the FeCrC–MMC at both temperatures and sand concentrations; however the temperature dramatically increased the corrosion process of the surface studied under erosion–corrosion conditions. The paper assesses the degradation mechanisms of both FeCrC–matrix and FeCrC–MMC with the aim of understanding what aspects of MMCs must be adapted for optimum erosion–corrosion resistance.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Contact of materials. Friction. Wear</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Erosion-corrosion</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Friction, wear, lubrication</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Grains</subject><subject>Inelasticity (thermoplasticity, viscoplasticity...)</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Machine components</subject><subject>Mechanical engineering. Machine design</subject><subject>Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology</subject><subject>Metal matrix composites</subject><subject>Metals. Metallurgy</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Plasma transferred arc</subject><subject>Plastic deformation</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Slurry erosion</subject><subject>Solid mechanics</subject><subject>Structural and continuum mechanics</subject><issn>0043-1648</issn><issn>1873-2577</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFuFSEUhonRxGv1BVyxUVczHmBghsRNc9NWkya6qHFJyOGMcjN3qDC3TXe-g2_ok5TxNsZVN_CHfOcH_p-x1wJaAcK837W35HMrAWwLsgXQT9hGDL1qpO77p2wD0KlGmG54zl6UsgMAYbXZsOUspxLT_OfXb0z5qHmg79kHv6x6T_jDz7HsC08jP6cKbvO6cD8H_m1b5f-HX65OebqhPPm7wuPMMc1I85L9QoGX6ZBzpPKSPRv9VOjVw37Cvp6fXW0_NpefLz5tTy8b7BQsTVBGDkFYsl2nDPW6l2TRejtIRBRdCEYCCdK9H8VYvz5qKc2AHpXx1gh1wt4dfa9z-nmgsrh9LEjT5GdKh-J6rXpltRoq-fZRUmlQnbKrpTyCWLMqmUZ3nePe5zsnwK1VuJ1bq3BrFQ6kq1XUoTcP7r6gn8bsZ4zl36SUUtnu7ys-HDmqodxEyq5gpBpgiJlwcSHFx665B_tSpPk</recordid><startdate>20091029</startdate><enddate>20091029</enddate><creator>Flores, J.F.</creator><creator>Neville, A.</creator><creator>Kapur, N.</creator><creator>Gnanavelu, A.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091029</creationdate><title>Erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms of Fe–Cr–C and WC–Fe–Cr–C PTA overlays in concentrated slurries</title><author>Flores, J.F. ; Neville, A. ; Kapur, N. ; Gnanavelu, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-d3628d19e94436e7572e9c9a982ccc14dd620e1e57af1f009f52268cac36a9613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Contact of materials. Friction. Wear</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Erosion-corrosion</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Friction, wear, lubrication</topic><topic>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</topic><topic>Grains</topic><topic>Inelasticity (thermoplasticity, viscoplasticity...)</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Machine components</topic><topic>Mechanical engineering. Machine design</topic><topic>Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology</topic><topic>Metal matrix composites</topic><topic>Metals. Metallurgy</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Plasma transferred arc</topic><topic>Plastic deformation</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>Slurry erosion</topic><topic>Solid mechanics</topic><topic>Structural and continuum mechanics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Flores, J.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neville, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kapur, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gnanavelu, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Wear</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Flores, J.F.</au><au>Neville, A.</au><au>Kapur, N.</au><au>Gnanavelu, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms of Fe–Cr–C and WC–Fe–Cr–C PTA overlays in concentrated slurries</atitle><jtitle>Wear</jtitle><date>2009-10-29</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>267</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1811</spage><epage>1820</epage><pages>1811-1820</pages><issn>0043-1648</issn><eissn>1873-2577</eissn><coden>WEARAH</coden><abstract>In this investigation the microstructure and erosion–corrosion behaviour of a Fe–Cr–C overlay (FeCrC–matrix) produced by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA) and its metal matrix composite (FeCrC–MMC) were assessed. The FeCrC–MMC was obtained by the addition of 65
wt.% of tungsten carbide (WC). The erosion–corrosion tests (ECTs) were carried out using a submerged impinging jet (SIJ); after the ECTs the surface of the overlays was analysed to identify the damage mechanisms. Two different temperatures (20 and 65
°C) and sand concentrations (10 and 50
g/l) were used in a solution of 1000
ppm of Cl
− and a pH value of 8.5; the conditions were chosen to be representative of the recycling water in the tailings line in the oilsands industry. The FeCrC–matrix showed a dendritic structure and a high concentration of carbides in the interdendritic zone. The addition of the WC reinforcing phase promoted the formation of W-rich intermetallic phases, increased the microhardness values of the matrix phase of the FeCrC–MMC overlay and dramatically improved its erosion–corrosion performance as expected. For the FeCrC–matrix overlay the main erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms were severe plastic deformation and the formation and removal of material flakes due to consecutive impacts. At 65
°C the dendritic zone was severely corroded in the area of low impact frequency. The FeCrC–MMC showed greater attack of the matrix phase compared to the WC grains; at high sand concentration the WC grains were severely fractured and flattened. The anodic polarisation analysis showed active corrosion behaviour of the FeCrC–MMC at both temperatures and sand concentrations; however the temperature dramatically increased the corrosion process of the surface studied under erosion–corrosion conditions. The paper assesses the degradation mechanisms of both FeCrC–matrix and FeCrC–MMC with the aim of understanding what aspects of MMCs must be adapted for optimum erosion–corrosion resistance.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.wear.2009.02.005</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Contact of materials. Friction. Wear Corrosion Degradation Erosion-corrosion Exact sciences and technology Friction, wear, lubrication Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Grains Inelasticity (thermoplasticity, viscoplasticity...) Iron Machine components Mechanical engineering. Machine design Mechanical properties and methods of testing. Rheology. Fracture mechanics. Tribology Metal matrix composites Metals. Metallurgy Physics Plasma transferred arc Plastic deformation Sand Slurry erosion Solid mechanics Structural and continuum mechanics |
| title | Erosion–corrosion degradation mechanisms of Fe–Cr–C and WC–Fe–Cr–C PTA overlays in concentrated slurries |
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