Data Embedding in JPEG Bitstream by Code Mapping
We propose an algorithm to embed data directly in the bitstream of JPEG imagery. The motivation for this approach is that images are seldom available in uncompressed form. Algorithms that operate in spatial domain, or even in coefficient domain, require full (or at best) partial decompression. Our a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on image processing 2010-04, Vol.19 (4), p.958-966 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on image processing |
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| creator | Mobasseri, Bijan G. Berger, Robert J. Marcinak, Michael P. NaikRaikar, Yatish J. |
| description | We propose an algorithm to embed data directly in the bitstream of JPEG imagery. The motivation for this approach is that images are seldom available in uncompressed form. Algorithms that operate in spatial domain, or even in coefficient domain, require full (or at best) partial decompression. Our approach exploits the fact that only a fraction of JPEG code space is actually used by available encoders. Data embedding is performed by mapping a used variable length code (VLC) to an unused VLC. However, standard viewers unaware of the change will not properly display the image. We address this problem by a novel error concealment technique. Concealment works by remapping run/size values of marked VLCs so that standard viewers do not lose synchronization and displays the image with minimum loss of quality. It is possible for the embedded image to be visually identical to the original even though the two files are bitwise different. The algorithm is fast and transparent and embedding is reversible and file-size preserving. Under certain circumstances, file size may actually decrease despite carrying a payload. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TIP.2009.2035227 |
| format | Article |
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The motivation for this approach is that images are seldom available in uncompressed form. Algorithms that operate in spatial domain, or even in coefficient domain, require full (or at best) partial decompression. Our approach exploits the fact that only a fraction of JPEG code space is actually used by available encoders. Data embedding is performed by mapping a used variable length code (VLC) to an unused VLC. However, standard viewers unaware of the change will not properly display the image. We address this problem by a novel error concealment technique. Concealment works by remapping run/size values of marked VLCs so that standard viewers do not lose synchronization and displays the image with minimum loss of quality. It is possible for the embedded image to be visually identical to the original even though the two files are bitwise different. The algorithm is fast and transparent and embedding is reversible and file-size preserving. 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The motivation for this approach is that images are seldom available in uncompressed form. Algorithms that operate in spatial domain, or even in coefficient domain, require full (or at best) partial decompression. Our approach exploits the fact that only a fraction of JPEG code space is actually used by available encoders. Data embedding is performed by mapping a used variable length code (VLC) to an unused VLC. However, standard viewers unaware of the change will not properly display the image. We address this problem by a novel error concealment technique. Concealment works by remapping run/size values of marked VLCs so that standard viewers do not lose synchronization and displays the image with minimum loss of quality. It is possible for the embedded image to be visually identical to the original even though the two files are bitwise different. The algorithm is fast and transparent and embedding is reversible and file-size preserving. Under certain circumstances, file size may actually decrease despite carrying a payload.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Authentication</subject><subject>Code mapping</subject><subject>Coding, codes</subject><subject>Cryptography</subject><subject>data embedding</subject><subject>Displays</subject><subject>Encoders</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fingerprint recognition</subject><subject>Image coding</subject><subject>Image compression</subject><subject>Image processing</subject><subject>Information, signal and communications theory</subject><subject>JPEG</subject><subject>JPEG encoders-decoders</subject><subject>Mapping</subject><subject>Marine vehicles</subject><subject>Payloads</subject><subject>Robustness</subject><subject>Signal and communications theory</subject><subject>Signal processing</subject><subject>Steganography</subject><subject>Telecommunications and information theory</subject><subject>Transform coding</subject><subject>VLC</subject><subject>Watermarking</subject><issn>1057-7149</issn><issn>1941-0042</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1Lw0AQhhdRbK3eBUECIp5SZ_Yjmz1qrVqp2EM9h012IylNUrPJof_eLQ0VvHjZWZhnXmYeQi4Rxoig7pezxZgCKP8wQak8IkNUHEMATo_9H4QMJXI1IGfOrQCQC4xOyQBVHHOI2ZDAk251MC1Ta0xRfQVFFbwtpi_BY9G6trG6DNJtMKmNDd71ZuOJc3KS67WzF30dkc_n6XLyGs4_XmaTh3mY-eA2lNQYyi2XkWRMpYAi4jpLMc9z5DljQmVapLlfNgULhrM4ihB4bDAWUhtkI3K3z9009XdnXZuUhcvseq0rW3cukYJJGsU-_V-ScQCJgnvy5g-5qrum8mckCNSLkoJTT8GeypraucbmyaYpSt1sPZTstCdee7LTnvTa_ch1H9ylpTW_A71nD9z2gHaZXueNrrLCHThKBVcx7ja82nOFtfbQFlQpRMp-AExOjis</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Mobasseri, Bijan G.</creator><creator>Berger, Robert J.</creator><creator>Marcinak, Michael P.</creator><creator>NaikRaikar, Yatish J.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The motivation for this approach is that images are seldom available in uncompressed form. Algorithms that operate in spatial domain, or even in coefficient domain, require full (or at best) partial decompression. Our approach exploits the fact that only a fraction of JPEG code space is actually used by available encoders. Data embedding is performed by mapping a used variable length code (VLC) to an unused VLC. However, standard viewers unaware of the change will not properly display the image. We address this problem by a novel error concealment technique. Concealment works by remapping run/size values of marked VLCs so that standard viewers do not lose synchronization and displays the image with minimum loss of quality. It is possible for the embedded image to be visually identical to the original even though the two files are bitwise different. The algorithm is fast and transparent and embedding is reversible and file-size preserving. 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| subjects | Algorithms Applied sciences Authentication Code mapping Coding, codes Cryptography data embedding Displays Encoders Exact sciences and technology Fingerprint recognition Image coding Image compression Image processing Information, signal and communications theory JPEG JPEG encoders-decoders Mapping Marine vehicles Payloads Robustness Signal and communications theory Signal processing Steganography Telecommunications and information theory Transform coding VLC Watermarking |
| title | Data Embedding in JPEG Bitstream by Code Mapping |
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