Genetic individualization of Cannabis sativa by a short tandem repeat multiplex system
Cannabis sativa is the most frequently used of all illicit drugs in the USA. Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, seed for oil and food, and buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs) were chosen as molecular markers owing...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2009, Vol.393 (2), p.719-726 |
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| container_title | Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry |
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| creator | Mendoza, Maria A Mills, DeEtta K Lata, Hemant Chandra, Suman ElSohly, Mahmoud A Almirall, Jose R |
| description | Cannabis sativa is the most frequently used of all illicit drugs in the USA. Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, seed for oil and food, and buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs) were chosen as molecular markers owing to their distinct advantages over other genetic methods. STRs are codominant, can be standardized such that reproducibility between laboratories can be easily achieved, have a high discrimination power, and can be multiplexed. In this study, six STR markers previously described for C. sativa were multiplexed into one reaction. The multiplex reaction was able to individualize 98 cannabis samples (14 hemp and 84 marijuana, authenticated as originating from 33 of the 50 states of the USA) and detect 29 alleles averaging 4.8 alleles per loci. The data did not relate the samples from the same state to each other. This is the first study to report a single-reaction sixplex and apply it to the analysis of almost 100 cannabis samples of known geographic origin. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00216-008-2500-3 |
| format | Article |
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Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, seed for oil and food, and buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs) were chosen as molecular markers owing to their distinct advantages over other genetic methods. STRs are codominant, can be standardized such that reproducibility between laboratories can be easily achieved, have a high discrimination power, and can be multiplexed. In this study, six STR markers previously described for C. sativa were multiplexed into one reaction. The multiplex reaction was able to individualize 98 cannabis samples (14 hemp and 84 marijuana, authenticated as originating from 33 of the 50 states of the USA) and detect 29 alleles averaging 4.8 alleles per loci. The data did not relate the samples from the same state to each other. 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Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, seed for oil and food, and buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs) were chosen as molecular markers owing to their distinct advantages over other genetic methods. STRs are codominant, can be standardized such that reproducibility between laboratories can be easily achieved, have a high discrimination power, and can be multiplexed. In this study, six STR markers previously described for C. sativa were multiplexed into one reaction. The multiplex reaction was able to individualize 98 cannabis samples (14 hemp and 84 marijuana, authenticated as originating from 33 of the 50 states of the USA) and detect 29 alleles averaging 4.8 alleles per loci. The data did not relate the samples from the same state to each other. This is the first study to report a single-reaction sixplex and apply it to the analysis of almost 100 cannabis samples of known geographic origin.</description><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cannabis - genetics</subject><subject>Cannabis sativa</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>DNA fingerprinting</subject><subject>DNA, Plant - genetics</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Genetic identification</subject><subject>Genetic Markers - genetics</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Hemp</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats - genetics</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Multiplexing</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Short tandem repeat multiplex</subject><subject>Stems</subject><issn>1618-2642</issn><issn>1618-2650</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkklvFDEQRi0EIgv8AC7gE3DpUF7abh_RCBKkSDmEcLXc7ergqJfBdkcMvz4e9Qhuw8lLvfpk1TMhbxhcMAD9KQFwpiqApuI1QCWekVOmWDmpGp7_3Ut-Qs5SegBgdcPUS3LCDCjVKH1KflzihDl0NEw-PAa_uCH8cTnME517unHT5NqQaCpXj462O-po-jnHTLObPI404hZdpuMy5LAd8DdNu5RxfEVe9G5I-PqwnpO7r1--b66q65vLb5vP11UnFc-V4sY7RC84bz1Tjeai7QV6JoFp7USjtcROCmaa1kvoW-iga1utQOoGNIpz8mHN3cb514Ip2zGkDofBTTgvyepaKCMUiEK-P0oqpWVjpP4vKGphwBhTwI9HQaal1ExxgIKyFe3inFLE3m5jGF3cWQZ2r9KuKm1Rafcq7f7Bbw_xSzui_9dxcFcAvgKplKZ7jPZhXuJUxn009d3a1LvZuvsYkr275cBE-Rua19yIJ7rPsZA</recordid><startdate>2009</startdate><enddate>2009</enddate><creator>Mendoza, Maria A</creator><creator>Mills, DeEtta K</creator><creator>Lata, Hemant</creator><creator>Chandra, Suman</creator><creator>ElSohly, Mahmoud A</creator><creator>Almirall, Jose R</creator><general>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer-Verlag</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2009</creationdate><title>Genetic individualization of Cannabis sativa by a short tandem repeat multiplex system</title><author>Mendoza, Maria A ; 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Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, seed for oil and food, and buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs) were chosen as molecular markers owing to their distinct advantages over other genetic methods. STRs are codominant, can be standardized such that reproducibility between laboratories can be easily achieved, have a high discrimination power, and can be multiplexed. In this study, six STR markers previously described for C. sativa were multiplexed into one reaction. The multiplex reaction was able to individualize 98 cannabis samples (14 hemp and 84 marijuana, authenticated as originating from 33 of the 50 states of the USA) and detect 29 alleles averaging 4.8 alleles per loci. The data did not relate the samples from the same state to each other. 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| subjects | Alleles Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry Cannabis Cannabis - genetics Cannabis sativa Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science DNA fingerprinting DNA, Plant - genetics Drugs Food Science Genetic identification Genetic Markers - genetics Genetics Hemp Laboratory Medicine Leaves Markers Microsatellite Repeats - genetics Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Multiplexing Original Paper Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Short tandem repeat multiplex Stems |
| title | Genetic individualization of Cannabis sativa by a short tandem repeat multiplex system |
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