Sustainable desalination using solar energy
Global potable water demand is expected to grow, particularly in areas where freshwater supplies are limited. Production and supply of potable water requires significant amounts of energy, which is currently being derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels. Since energy production from fossil fuels also...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Energy conversion and management 2010-11, Vol.51 (11), p.2245-2251 |
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description | Global potable water demand is expected to grow, particularly in areas where freshwater supplies are limited. Production and supply of potable water requires significant amounts of energy, which is currently being derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels. Since energy production from fossil fuels also requires water, current practice of potable water supply powered by fossil fuel derived energy is not a sustainable approach. In this paper, a sustainable phase-change desalination process is presented that is driven solely by solar energy without any reliance on grid power. This process exploits natural gravity and barometric pressure head to maintain near vacuum conditions in an evaporation chamber. Because of the vacuum conditions, evaporation occurs at near ambient temperature, with minimal thermal energy input for phase change. This configuration enables the process to be driven by low-grade heat sources such as solar energy or waste heat streams. Results of theoretical analysis and prototype scale experimental studies conducted to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of operating the process using solar energy are presented. Predictions made by the theoretical model correlated well with measured performance data with
r
2
>
0.94. Test results showed that, using direct solar energy alone, the system could produce up to 7.5
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area. With the addition of a photovoltaic panel area of 6
m
2, the system could produce up to 12
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area, at efficiencies ranging from 65% to 90%. Average specific energy need of this process is 2930
kJ/kg of freshwater, all of which can be derived from solar energy, making it a sustainable and clean process. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.03.019 |
format | Article |
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r
2
>
0.94. Test results showed that, using direct solar energy alone, the system could produce up to 7.5
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area. With the addition of a photovoltaic panel area of 6
m
2, the system could produce up to 12
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area, at efficiencies ranging from 65% to 90%. Average specific energy need of this process is 2930
kJ/kg of freshwater, all of which can be derived from solar energy, making it a sustainable and clean process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-8904</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2227</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.03.019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECMADL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Desalination ; Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination ; Energy ; Equipments, installations and applications ; Evaporation ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fossil fuels ; Freshwaters ; Natural energy ; Panels ; Photovoltaic conversion ; Photovoltaics ; Pollution ; Potable water ; Process model ; Prototype system ; Solar energy ; Sustainable desalination ; Waste heat ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>Energy conversion and management, 2010-11, Vol.51 (11), p.2245-2251</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-b45e6525f21490d90c8f4d24da7b5e9c01bd29d0db2254dcdfc463d323902ddc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-b45e6525f21490d90c8f4d24da7b5e9c01bd29d0db2254dcdfc463d323902ddc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.03.019$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22996700$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gude, Veera Gnaneswar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany</creatorcontrib><title>Sustainable desalination using solar energy</title><title>Energy conversion and management</title><description>Global potable water demand is expected to grow, particularly in areas where freshwater supplies are limited. Production and supply of potable water requires significant amounts of energy, which is currently being derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels. Since energy production from fossil fuels also requires water, current practice of potable water supply powered by fossil fuel derived energy is not a sustainable approach. In this paper, a sustainable phase-change desalination process is presented that is driven solely by solar energy without any reliance on grid power. This process exploits natural gravity and barometric pressure head to maintain near vacuum conditions in an evaporation chamber. Because of the vacuum conditions, evaporation occurs at near ambient temperature, with minimal thermal energy input for phase change. This configuration enables the process to be driven by low-grade heat sources such as solar energy or waste heat streams. Results of theoretical analysis and prototype scale experimental studies conducted to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of operating the process using solar energy are presented. Predictions made by the theoretical model correlated well with measured performance data with
r
2
>
0.94. Test results showed that, using direct solar energy alone, the system could produce up to 7.5
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area. With the addition of a photovoltaic panel area of 6
m
2, the system could produce up to 12
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area, at efficiencies ranging from 65% to 90%. Average specific energy need of this process is 2930
kJ/kg of freshwater, all of which can be derived from solar energy, making it a sustainable and clean process.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Desalination</subject><subject>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Equipments, installations and applications</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fossil fuels</subject><subject>Freshwaters</subject><subject>Natural energy</subject><subject>Panels</subject><subject>Photovoltaic conversion</subject><subject>Photovoltaics</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Potable water</subject><subject>Process model</subject><subject>Prototype system</subject><subject>Solar energy</subject><subject>Sustainable desalination</subject><subject>Waste heat</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0196-8904</issn><issn>1879-2227</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1LAzEQhoMoWKt_QfYiCrLr5GOTzU0pfkHBg3oO2SRbUrZZTbZC_70prR71NMPLM_PCg9A5hgoD5jfLygUzhJUOFYEcAq0AywM0wY2QJSFEHKJJTnjZSGDH6CSlJQDQGvgEXb-u06h90G3vCuuS7vM--iEU6-TDokhDr2PhgouLzSk66nSf3Nl-TtH7w_3b7Kmcvzw-z-7mpWEgxrJlteM1qTuCmQQrwTQds4RZLdraSQO4tURasC0hNbPGdoZxaimhEoi1hk7R5e7vRxw-1y6NauWTcX2vgxvWSYma8oZDgzN59SeJhRAYKKtlRvkONXFIKbpOfUS_0nGjMKitR7VUPx7V1qMCqrK1fHix79DJ6L6LOhiffq8JkZKLrHOKbnecy2q-vIsqGZ8_OuujM6Oyg_-v6hsmAote</recordid><startdate>20101101</startdate><enddate>20101101</enddate><creator>Gude, Veera Gnaneswar</creator><creator>Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20101101</creationdate><title>Sustainable desalination using solar energy</title><author>Gude, Veera Gnaneswar ; Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c407t-b45e6525f21490d90c8f4d24da7b5e9c01bd29d0db2254dcdfc463d323902ddc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Desalination</topic><topic>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Equipments, installations and applications</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fossil fuels</topic><topic>Freshwaters</topic><topic>Natural energy</topic><topic>Panels</topic><topic>Photovoltaic conversion</topic><topic>Photovoltaics</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Potable water</topic><topic>Process model</topic><topic>Prototype system</topic><topic>Solar energy</topic><topic>Sustainable desalination</topic><topic>Waste heat</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gude, Veera Gnaneswar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Energy conversion and management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gude, Veera Gnaneswar</au><au>Nirmalakhandan, Nagamany</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sustainable desalination using solar energy</atitle><jtitle>Energy conversion and management</jtitle><date>2010-11-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>51</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2245</spage><epage>2251</epage><pages>2245-2251</pages><issn>0196-8904</issn><eissn>1879-2227</eissn><coden>ECMADL</coden><abstract>Global potable water demand is expected to grow, particularly in areas where freshwater supplies are limited. Production and supply of potable water requires significant amounts of energy, which is currently being derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels. Since energy production from fossil fuels also requires water, current practice of potable water supply powered by fossil fuel derived energy is not a sustainable approach. In this paper, a sustainable phase-change desalination process is presented that is driven solely by solar energy without any reliance on grid power. This process exploits natural gravity and barometric pressure head to maintain near vacuum conditions in an evaporation chamber. Because of the vacuum conditions, evaporation occurs at near ambient temperature, with minimal thermal energy input for phase change. This configuration enables the process to be driven by low-grade heat sources such as solar energy or waste heat streams. Results of theoretical analysis and prototype scale experimental studies conducted to evaluate and demonstrate the feasibility of operating the process using solar energy are presented. Predictions made by the theoretical model correlated well with measured performance data with
r
2
>
0.94. Test results showed that, using direct solar energy alone, the system could produce up to 7.5
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area. With the addition of a photovoltaic panel area of 6
m
2, the system could produce up to 12
L/day of freshwater per m
2 of evaporator area, at efficiencies ranging from 65% to 90%. Average specific energy need of this process is 2930
kJ/kg of freshwater, all of which can be derived from solar energy, making it a sustainable and clean process.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.enconman.2010.03.019</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
subjects | Applied sciences Desalination Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Energy Equipments, installations and applications Evaporation Exact sciences and technology Fossil fuels Freshwaters Natural energy Panels Photovoltaic conversion Photovoltaics Pollution Potable water Process model Prototype system Solar energy Sustainable desalination Waste heat Water treatment and pollution |
title | Sustainable desalination using solar energy |
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