Studies on the growth-inhibiting property of amniotic fluids from two United States population groups
This study attempted to determine if lack of antimicrobial activity in amniotic fluid is the reason United States blacks have more amniotic fluid bacterial infection than whites. No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 1980-07, Vol.137 (5), p.579-582 |
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| container_end_page | 582 |
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| container_issue | 5 |
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| container_title | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology |
| container_volume | 137 |
| creator | Appelbaum, Peter C. Shulman, Gerald Chambers, Nancy L. Simon, Nicolas V. Granados, Juan L. Fairbrother, Paul F. Naeye, Richard L. |
| description | This study attempted to determine if lack of antimicrobial activity in amniotic fluid is the reason United States blacks have more amniotic fluid bacterial infection than whites. No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has been claimed that the phosphate: zinc ratio in amniotic fluid is an accurate predictor of antimicrobial activity. The present study found this often to be untrue. Amniotic fluids that lacked antimicrobial activity gained such activity when zinc was added, but the in vitro zinc levels required were usually higher than observed physiologic concentrations. Previous studies have claimed that antimicrobial activity first appears in the amniotic fluid in the third trimester of gestation. We found such activity in the majority of fluids by the end of the first trimester, with a Staphylococcus aureus indicator; in contrast, with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae as test organisms, greater inhibition was observed after 35 weeks. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90699-7 |
| format | Article |
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No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has been claimed that the phosphate: zinc ratio in amniotic fluid is an accurate predictor of antimicrobial activity. The present study found this often to be untrue. Amniotic fluids that lacked antimicrobial activity gained such activity when zinc was added, but the in vitro zinc levels required were usually higher than observed physiologic concentrations. Previous studies have claimed that antimicrobial activity first appears in the amniotic fluid in the third trimester of gestation. 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No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has been claimed that the phosphate: zinc ratio in amniotic fluid is an accurate predictor of antimicrobial activity. The present study found this often to be untrue. Amniotic fluids that lacked antimicrobial activity gained such activity when zinc was added, but the in vitro zinc levels required were usually higher than observed physiologic concentrations. Previous studies have claimed that antimicrobial activity first appears in the amniotic fluid in the third trimester of gestation. We found such activity in the majority of fluids by the end of the first trimester, with a Staphylococcus aureus indicator; in contrast, with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae as test organisms, greater inhibition was observed after 35 weeks.</description><subject>African Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - analysis</subject><subject>Amniotic Fluid - physiology</subject><subject>Bacteria - drug effects</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - drug effects</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Phosphates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, First</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, Second</subject><subject>Pregnancy Trimester, Third</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</subject><subject>Streptococcus agalactiae - drug effects</subject><subject>Zinc - pharmacology</subject><issn>0002-9378</issn><issn>1097-6868</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1980</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1PHSEUhknTRq-2_6AmrJq6mArMXAY2JsZU28TEhbomfBy8NDPDCIzGfy-398alK3I473ngPAh9p-QXJZSfEUJYI9te_BTkVBIuZdN_QitKZN9wwcVntHqPHKKjnP9tSybZATqoYbYWbIXgriwuQMZxwmUD-DHFl7JpwrQJJpQwPeI5xRlSecXRYz1OIZZgsR-W4DL2KY64vET8MIUCDt8VXSprjvMy6BIqs_KWOX9FX7weMnzbn8fo4er3_eWf5ub2-u_lxU1jWc9KI2RnqOuMEdQJy_WaOG617RjhzPSi3nvrO0t9Z4ShvNWagbGSuK7nrW9le4x-7Lj1008L5KLGkC0Mg54gLln1a7puGaE12O2CNsWcE3g1pzDq9KooUVu7autKbdUpQdR_u6qvYyd7_mJGcO9De521f77rQ13yOUBS2QaYLLiQwBblYvj4gTck0Yuu</recordid><startdate>19800701</startdate><enddate>19800701</enddate><creator>Appelbaum, Peter C.</creator><creator>Shulman, Gerald</creator><creator>Chambers, Nancy L.</creator><creator>Simon, Nicolas V.</creator><creator>Granados, Juan L.</creator><creator>Fairbrother, Paul F.</creator><creator>Naeye, Richard L.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19800701</creationdate><title>Studies on the growth-inhibiting property of amniotic fluids from two United States population groups</title><author>Appelbaum, Peter C. ; Shulman, Gerald ; Chambers, Nancy L. ; Simon, Nicolas V. ; Granados, Juan L. ; Fairbrother, Paul F. ; Naeye, Richard L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c272t-894b1d4bb81d8c6a50d6cac42062b78bb8fcf4c1f4b8b163aa2ebc90d4763f393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1980</creationdate><topic>African Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - analysis</topic><topic>Amniotic Fluid - physiology</topic><topic>Bacteria - drug effects</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - drug effects</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>Phosphates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, First</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, Second</topic><topic>Pregnancy Trimester, Third</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects</topic><topic>Streptococcus agalactiae - drug effects</topic><topic>Zinc - pharmacology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Appelbaum, Peter C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shulman, Gerald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Nancy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Nicolas V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Granados, Juan L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fairbrother, Paul F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naeye, Richard L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Appelbaum, Peter C.</au><au>Shulman, Gerald</au><au>Chambers, Nancy L.</au><au>Simon, Nicolas V.</au><au>Granados, Juan L.</au><au>Fairbrother, Paul F.</au><au>Naeye, Richard L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Studies on the growth-inhibiting property of amniotic fluids from two United States population groups</atitle><jtitle>American journal of obstetrics and gynecology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Obstet Gynecol</addtitle><date>1980-07-01</date><risdate>1980</risdate><volume>137</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>579</spage><epage>582</epage><pages>579-582</pages><issn>0002-9378</issn><eissn>1097-6868</eissn><abstract>This study attempted to determine if lack of antimicrobial activity in amniotic fluid is the reason United States blacks have more amniotic fluid bacterial infection than whites. No significant interracial differences were found in a study of 111 fluids from whites and 56 fluids from blacks. It has been claimed that the phosphate: zinc ratio in amniotic fluid is an accurate predictor of antimicrobial activity. The present study found this often to be untrue. Amniotic fluids that lacked antimicrobial activity gained such activity when zinc was added, but the in vitro zinc levels required were usually higher than observed physiologic concentrations. Previous studies have claimed that antimicrobial activity first appears in the amniotic fluid in the third trimester of gestation. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-9378 |
| ispartof | American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1980-07, Vol.137 (5), p.579-582 |
| issn | 0002-9378 1097-6868 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | African Continental Ancestry Group Amniotic Fluid - analysis Amniotic Fluid - physiology Bacteria - drug effects Escherichia coli - drug effects European Continental Ancestry Group Female Humans In Vitro Techniques Phosphates - pharmacology Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimester, First Pregnancy Trimester, Second Pregnancy Trimester, Third Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects Streptococcus agalactiae - drug effects Zinc - pharmacology |
| title | Studies on the growth-inhibiting property of amniotic fluids from two United States population groups |
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