Sensitive real-time measurement of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures
We demonstrate a first simultaneous measurement of both the refractive index and the attenuation coefficient (defined as the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients) of highly turbid milk and milk-cream mixtures. We achieve this by observing the real-time reflectance profile of a divergent...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of dairy science 2010-08, Vol.93 (8), p.3497-3504 |
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| container_title | Journal of dairy science |
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| creator | Calhoun, W.R. Maeta, H. Roy, S. Bali, L.M. Bali, S. |
| description | We demonstrate a first simultaneous measurement of both the refractive index and the attenuation coefficient (defined as the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients) of highly turbid milk and milk-cream mixtures. We achieve this by observing the real-time reflectance profile of a divergent laser beam made incident on the surface of the milk sample. The experiments were carried out on commercial milk samples with fat volume concentrations of 0.5 or less, 1.6, and 3.3%, and on milk-cream mixtures with fat volume concentrations of 10 and 33.3%, without any dilutions of these samples. We find that the reflectance data are well described, for the first time without any empirical fit-parameters, by Fresnel theory that correctly includes the effect of angle-dependent penetration into the turbid medium on the total internally reflected signal. Therefore, our method provides the most accurate determination to date of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures. Our sensor is compact, portable, and inexpensive. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3168/jds.2010-3045 |
| format | Article |
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We achieve this by observing the real-time reflectance profile of a divergent laser beam made incident on the surface of the milk sample. The experiments were carried out on commercial milk samples with fat volume concentrations of 0.5 or less, 1.6, and 3.3%, and on milk-cream mixtures with fat volume concentrations of 10 and 33.3%, without any dilutions of these samples. We find that the reflectance data are well described, for the first time without any empirical fit-parameters, by Fresnel theory that correctly includes the effect of angle-dependent penetration into the turbid medium on the total internally reflected signal. Therefore, our method provides the most accurate determination to date of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures. Our sensor is compact, portable, and inexpensive.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3198</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3045</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20655417</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JDSCAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Absorption ; accuracy ; Algorithms ; Animal productions ; Animals ; attenuation coefficient ; Biological and medical sciences ; cream ; dairy products ; food analysis ; food composition ; Food industries ; food quality ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; lipid content ; milk ; Milk - chemistry ; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams ; milk composition ; milk fat ; milk fat percentage ; mixtures ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; optical properties ; refractive index ; Refractometry - methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; scattering coefficient ; Scattering, Radiation ; sensors ; Terrestrial animal productions ; turbidity ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Journal of dairy science, 2010-08, Vol.93 (8), p.3497-3504</ispartof><rights>2010 American Dairy Science Association</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2010 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-fdb0e73bfbbd68ec017ff6b7e24f086ae8d1a553761199901f451155416434693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-fdb0e73bfbbd68ec017ff6b7e24f086ae8d1a553761199901f451155416434693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3045$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23040576$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20655417$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Calhoun, W.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeta, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bali, L.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bali, S.</creatorcontrib><title>Sensitive real-time measurement of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures</title><title>Journal of dairy science</title><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><description>We demonstrate a first simultaneous measurement of both the refractive index and the attenuation coefficient (defined as the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients) of highly turbid milk and milk-cream mixtures. We achieve this by observing the real-time reflectance profile of a divergent laser beam made incident on the surface of the milk sample. The experiments were carried out on commercial milk samples with fat volume concentrations of 0.5 or less, 1.6, and 3.3%, and on milk-cream mixtures with fat volume concentrations of 10 and 33.3%, without any dilutions of these samples. We find that the reflectance data are well described, for the first time without any empirical fit-parameters, by Fresnel theory that correctly includes the effect of angle-dependent penetration into the turbid medium on the total internally reflected signal. Therefore, our method provides the most accurate determination to date of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures. Our sensor is compact, portable, and inexpensive.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>accuracy</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Animal productions</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>attenuation coefficient</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cream</subject><subject>dairy products</subject><subject>food analysis</subject><subject>food composition</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>food quality</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>lipid content</subject><subject>milk</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</subject><subject>milk composition</subject><subject>milk fat</subject><subject>milk fat percentage</subject><subject>mixtures</subject><subject>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</subject><subject>optical properties</subject><subject>refractive index</subject><subject>Refractometry - methods</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>scattering coefficient</subject><subject>Scattering, Radiation</subject><subject>sensors</subject><subject>Terrestrial animal productions</subject><subject>turbidity</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>0022-0302</issn><issn>1525-3198</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM1vFiEQh4nR2Nfq0avuxXiiHWCB3aNp6kfSxEPbM2FhUOp-VGCb-t-X7fuqp54YwjO_YR5C3jI4EUx1pzc-n3BgQAW08hnZMcklFazvnpMdAOcUBPAj8irnm3plHORLcsRBSdkyvSP5EuccS7zDJqEdaYkTNhPavCaccC7NEpryc3sMybpHLs4e7xs7-8aWgvNqS1zmxi0YQnTx0DPF8dcjsxXU1eyplvelxubX5EWwY8Y3h_OYXH8-vzr7Si--f_l29umCulaIQoMfALUYwjB41aEDpkNQg0beBuiUxc4zK6XQirG-74GFVjK27aVa0apeHJOP-9zbtPxeMRczxexwHO2My5qNbmuT7jpeSbonXVpyrrua2xQnm_4YBmbTbKpms2k2m-bKvzskr8OE_h_912sFPhwAm50dq7vZxfyfqykgtarc-z0X7GLsj1SZ68s6RwDresUAKqH3BFZTdxGTyZtkhz4mdMX4JT7xyQesn6JB</recordid><startdate>20100801</startdate><enddate>20100801</enddate><creator>Calhoun, W.R.</creator><creator>Maeta, H.</creator><creator>Roy, S.</creator><creator>Bali, L.M.</creator><creator>Bali, S.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100801</creationdate><title>Sensitive real-time measurement of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures</title><author>Calhoun, W.R. ; Maeta, H. ; Roy, S. ; Bali, L.M. ; Bali, S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-fdb0e73bfbbd68ec017ff6b7e24f086ae8d1a553761199901f451155416434693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>accuracy</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Animal productions</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>attenuation coefficient</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cream</topic><topic>dairy products</topic><topic>food analysis</topic><topic>food composition</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>food quality</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>lipid content</topic><topic>milk</topic><topic>Milk - chemistry</topic><topic>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</topic><topic>milk composition</topic><topic>milk fat</topic><topic>milk fat percentage</topic><topic>mixtures</topic><topic>Nephelometry and Turbidimetry</topic><topic>optical properties</topic><topic>refractive index</topic><topic>Refractometry - methods</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>scattering coefficient</topic><topic>Scattering, Radiation</topic><topic>sensors</topic><topic>Terrestrial animal productions</topic><topic>turbidity</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Calhoun, W.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeta, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roy, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bali, L.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bali, S.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Calhoun, W.R.</au><au>Maeta, H.</au><au>Roy, S.</au><au>Bali, L.M.</au><au>Bali, S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sensitive real-time measurement of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures</atitle><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><date>2010-08-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3497</spage><epage>3504</epage><pages>3497-3504</pages><issn>0022-0302</issn><eissn>1525-3198</eissn><coden>JDSCAE</coden><abstract>We demonstrate a first simultaneous measurement of both the refractive index and the attenuation coefficient (defined as the sum of the scattering and absorption coefficients) of highly turbid milk and milk-cream mixtures. We achieve this by observing the real-time reflectance profile of a divergent laser beam made incident on the surface of the milk sample. The experiments were carried out on commercial milk samples with fat volume concentrations of 0.5 or less, 1.6, and 3.3%, and on milk-cream mixtures with fat volume concentrations of 10 and 33.3%, without any dilutions of these samples. We find that the reflectance data are well described, for the first time without any empirical fit-parameters, by Fresnel theory that correctly includes the effect of angle-dependent penetration into the turbid medium on the total internally reflected signal. Therefore, our method provides the most accurate determination to date of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures. Our sensor is compact, portable, and inexpensive.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>20655417</pmid><doi>10.3168/jds.2010-3045</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption accuracy Algorithms Animal productions Animals attenuation coefficient Biological and medical sciences cream dairy products food analysis food composition Food industries food quality Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology lipid content milk Milk - chemistry Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams milk composition milk fat milk fat percentage mixtures Nephelometry and Turbidimetry optical properties refractive index Refractometry - methods Reproducibility of Results scattering coefficient Scattering, Radiation sensors Terrestrial animal productions turbidity Vertebrates |
| title | Sensitive real-time measurement of the refractive index and attenuation coefficient of milk and milk-cream mixtures |
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