Photon-enhanced thermionic emission for solar concentrator systems
Solar-energy conversion usually takes one of two forms: the ‘quantum’ approach, which uses the large per-photon energy of solar radiation to excite electrons, as in photovoltaic cells, or the ‘thermal’ approach, which uses concentrated sunlight as a thermal-energy source to indirectly produce electr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature materials 2010-09, Vol.9 (9), p.762-767 |
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| creator | Schwede, Jared W. Bargatin, Igor Riley, Daniel C. Hardin, Brian E. Rosenthal, Samuel J. Sun, Yun Schmitt, Felix Pianetta, Piero Howe, Roger T. Shen, Zhi-Xun Melosh, Nicholas A. |
| description | Solar-energy conversion usually takes one of two forms: the ‘quantum’ approach, which uses the large per-photon energy of solar radiation to excite electrons, as in photovoltaic cells, or the ‘thermal’ approach, which uses concentrated sunlight as a thermal-energy source to indirectly produce electricity using a heat engine. Here we present a new concept for solar electricity generation, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines quantum and thermal mechanisms into a single physical process. The device is based on thermionic emission of photoexcited electrons from a semiconductor cathode at high temperature. Temperature-dependent photoemission-yield measurements from GaN show strong evidence for photon-enhanced thermionic emission, and calculated efficiencies for idealized devices can exceed the theoretical limits of single-junction photovoltaic cells. The proposed solar converter would operate at temperatures exceeding 200 °C, enabling its waste heat to be used to power a secondary thermal engine, boosting theoretical combined conversion efficiencies above 50%.
The conversion of solar energy into electricity usually occurs either electrically or through thermal conversion. A new mechanism, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines electric as well as thermal conversion mechanisms, is now shown to lead to enhanced conversion efficiencies that potentially could even exceed the theoretical limits of conventional photovoltaic cells. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nmat2814 |
| format | Article |
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The conversion of solar energy into electricity usually occurs either electrically or through thermal conversion. A new mechanism, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines electric as well as thermal conversion mechanisms, is now shown to lead to enhanced conversion efficiencies that potentially could even exceed the theoretical limits of conventional photovoltaic cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1476-1122</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4660</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nmat2814</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20676086</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>639/301/1019 ; 639/301/119/1000 ; 639/301/299/946 ; Biomaterials ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Condensed Matter Physics ; Electricity ; Electrons ; Emissions ; Energy conversion ; Energy sources ; High temperature ; Materials Science ; Nanotechnology ; Optical and Electronic Materials ; Photovoltaics ; Semiconductors ; Solar energy ; Solar radiation ; Sunlight ; Temperature ; Thermal energy ; Waste heat</subject><ispartof>Nature materials, 2010-09, Vol.9 (9), p.762-767</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2010</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-2dbb2b2031a345993bca751a6a4312c734cfc805f027143f528316bfeda8bda93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-2dbb2b2031a345993bca751a6a4312c734cfc805f027143f528316bfeda8bda93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/nmat2814$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/nmat2814$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schwede, Jared W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bargatin, Igor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riley, Daniel C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hardin, Brian E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosenthal, Samuel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmitt, Felix</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pianetta, Piero</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howe, Roger T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Zhi-Xun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melosh, Nicholas A.</creatorcontrib><title>Photon-enhanced thermionic emission for solar concentrator systems</title><title>Nature materials</title><addtitle>Nature Mater</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Mater</addtitle><description>Solar-energy conversion usually takes one of two forms: the ‘quantum’ approach, which uses the large per-photon energy of solar radiation to excite electrons, as in photovoltaic cells, or the ‘thermal’ approach, which uses concentrated sunlight as a thermal-energy source to indirectly produce electricity using a heat engine. Here we present a new concept for solar electricity generation, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines quantum and thermal mechanisms into a single physical process. The device is based on thermionic emission of photoexcited electrons from a semiconductor cathode at high temperature. Temperature-dependent photoemission-yield measurements from GaN show strong evidence for photon-enhanced thermionic emission, and calculated efficiencies for idealized devices can exceed the theoretical limits of single-junction photovoltaic cells. The proposed solar converter would operate at temperatures exceeding 200 °C, enabling its waste heat to be used to power a secondary thermal engine, boosting theoretical combined conversion efficiencies above 50%.
The conversion of solar energy into electricity usually occurs either electrically or through thermal conversion. A new mechanism, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines electric as well as thermal conversion mechanisms, is now shown to lead to enhanced conversion efficiencies that potentially could even exceed the theoretical limits of conventional photovoltaic cells.</description><subject>639/301/1019</subject><subject>639/301/119/1000</subject><subject>639/301/299/946</subject><subject>Biomaterials</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Condensed Matter Physics</subject><subject>Electricity</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy conversion</subject><subject>Energy sources</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical and Electronic Materials</subject><subject>Photovoltaics</subject><subject>Semiconductors</subject><subject>Solar energy</subject><subject>Solar radiation</subject><subject>Sunlight</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermal energy</subject><subject>Waste heat</subject><issn>1476-1122</issn><issn>1476-4660</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpl0E1LwzAYB_AgiptT8BNI8aIeqnlvepzDNxjoQc8lSVPX0SYzSQ_79mZsU9BTHpIf_zz8AThH8BZBIu5sLyMWiB6AMaIFzynn8HA3I4TxCJyEsIQQI8b4MRhhyAsOBR-D-7eFi87mxi6k1abO4sL4vnW21Znp2xDSmDXOZ8F10mfaJWSjl3FztQ7R9OEUHDWyC-Zsd07Ax-PD--w5n78-vcym81wTSmKOa6WwwpAgSSgrS6K0LBiSXFKCsC4I1Y0WkDUQF4iShmFBEFeNqaVQtSzJBFxtc1fefQ0mxCrtp03XSWvcEKqCirLgJRdJXv6RSzd4m5ZLiDNMIWMJXW-R9i4Eb5pq5dte-nWFYLVptdq3mujFLm9Qval_4L7GBG62IKQn-2n874f_wr4BJjaAXA</recordid><startdate>20100901</startdate><enddate>20100901</enddate><creator>Schwede, Jared W.</creator><creator>Bargatin, Igor</creator><creator>Riley, Daniel C.</creator><creator>Hardin, Brian E.</creator><creator>Rosenthal, Samuel 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Here we present a new concept for solar electricity generation, photon-enhanced thermionic emission, which combines quantum and thermal mechanisms into a single physical process. The device is based on thermionic emission of photoexcited electrons from a semiconductor cathode at high temperature. Temperature-dependent photoemission-yield measurements from GaN show strong evidence for photon-enhanced thermionic emission, and calculated efficiencies for idealized devices can exceed the theoretical limits of single-junction photovoltaic cells. The proposed solar converter would operate at temperatures exceeding 200 °C, enabling its waste heat to be used to power a secondary thermal engine, boosting theoretical combined conversion efficiencies above 50%.
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| subjects | 639/301/1019 639/301/119/1000 639/301/299/946 Biomaterials Chemistry and Materials Science Condensed Matter Physics Electricity Electrons Emissions Energy conversion Energy sources High temperature Materials Science Nanotechnology Optical and Electronic Materials Photovoltaics Semiconductors Solar energy Solar radiation Sunlight Temperature Thermal energy Waste heat |
| title | Photon-enhanced thermionic emission for solar concentrator systems |
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