Membrane pathways for water and solutes in the toad bladder: II. Reflection coefficients of the water and solute channels

Urea and water transport across the toad bladder can be separately activated by low concentrations of vasopressin or 8 Br-cAMP. Employing this method of selective activation, we have determined the reflection coefficient (sigma) of urea and other small molecules under circumstances in which the blad...

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