Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris
1. Upland heaths in the UK are of significant conservation importance. Large areas are managed through prescribed burning to improve habitat and grazing for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis aries. Previous research has identified trends in vegetation developmen...
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description | 1. Upland heaths in the UK are of significant conservation importance. Large areas are managed through prescribed burning to improve habitat and grazing for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis aries. Previous research has identified trends in vegetation development following burning, but has not linked this to variation in fire behaviour and severity. 2. We burned 15 experimental fires on an area of Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorland, and recorded pre- and post-fire vegetation structure and composition, fire behaviour characteristics, and several 'proxy measures' of fire severity. 3. We distinguished measures of fire severity, describing the immediate physical effects of burning, from the long-term ecosystem responses of substrate development and Calluna regeneration. Proxy measures of fire severity did not relate strongly to fire behaviour or ecosystem response. 4. Post-fire regeneration was strongly linked to stand age and post-fire substrate type. Fire behaviour and severity had little effect, though fire-induced ground-surface heating may promote Calluna seedling establishment. Vegetative regeneration of Calluna was extremely poor in older stands, as was seedling establishment in areas where the post-fire substrate was dominated by live or dead pleurocarpous moss mats. 5.Synthesis and applications. Significant nonlinearities exist in fire severity on heathlands, with step changes related to the depth and moisture content of moss/litter layers and peat. Younger stands, less than c. 30 cm tall, should be the focus of management if the objective is to maximize Calluna regeneration. Burning older and uneven-aged stands is discouraged except for the purposes of fire hazard management. Managers should develop landscape-level burn plans to target burning effectively and create diverse fire regimes. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01774.x |
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Upland heaths in the UK are of significant conservation importance. Large areas are managed through prescribed burning to improve habitat and grazing for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis aries. Previous research has identified trends in vegetation development following burning, but has not linked this to variation in fire behaviour and severity. 2. We burned 15 experimental fires on an area of Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorland, and recorded pre- and post-fire vegetation structure and composition, fire behaviour characteristics, and several 'proxy measures' of fire severity. 3. We distinguished measures of fire severity, describing the immediate physical effects of burning, from the long-term ecosystem responses of substrate development and Calluna regeneration. Proxy measures of fire severity did not relate strongly to fire behaviour or ecosystem response. 4. Post-fire regeneration was strongly linked to stand age and post-fire substrate type. Fire behaviour and severity had little effect, though fire-induced ground-surface heating may promote Calluna seedling establishment. Vegetative regeneration of Calluna was extremely poor in older stands, as was seedling establishment in areas where the post-fire substrate was dominated by live or dead pleurocarpous moss mats. 5.Synthesis and applications. Significant nonlinearities exist in fire severity on heathlands, with step changes related to the depth and moisture content of moss/litter layers and peat. Younger stands, less than c. 30 cm tall, should be the focus of management if the objective is to maximize Calluna regeneration. Burning older and uneven-aged stands is discouraged except for the purposes of fire hazard management. Managers should develop landscape-level burn plans to target burning effectively and create diverse fire regimes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8901</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2664</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01774.x</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPEAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Age ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birds ; Calluna ; Calluna vulgaris ; Cervus elaphus ; Deer ; Ecosystems ; Fire behavior ; Fire breaks ; fire effects ; Fire severity ; fireline intensity ; Flowers & plants ; Forest & brush fires ; Forest and land fires ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Habitats ; Heathlands ; Lagopus lagopus scoticus ; moorland ; Moorlands ; muirburn ; Ovis aries ; permanova ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; pyrometer ; Pyrometers ; Redundancy Analysis ; residence time ; Restoration and regeneration ; Seedlings ; thermocouple ; Vegetation ; Weather damages. Fires ; Wildfires</subject><ispartof>The Journal of applied ecology, 2010-04, Vol.47 (2), p.356-365</ispartof><rights>2010 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Apr 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4804-342803359e5cbf4ee694de4233719565fdb4f209382b53673e609f92bd0139b83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4804-342803359e5cbf4ee694de4233719565fdb4f209382b53673e609f92bd0139b83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40605828$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40605828$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22533179$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Matt Davies, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adam Smith, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald, Angus J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakker, Jonathan D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Legg, Colin J</creatorcontrib><title>Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris</title><title>The Journal of applied ecology</title><description>1. Upland heaths in the UK are of significant conservation importance. Large areas are managed through prescribed burning to improve habitat and grazing for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis aries. Previous research has identified trends in vegetation development following burning, but has not linked this to variation in fire behaviour and severity. 2. We burned 15 experimental fires on an area of Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorland, and recorded pre- and post-fire vegetation structure and composition, fire behaviour characteristics, and several 'proxy measures' of fire severity. 3. We distinguished measures of fire severity, describing the immediate physical effects of burning, from the long-term ecosystem responses of substrate development and Calluna regeneration. Proxy measures of fire severity did not relate strongly to fire behaviour or ecosystem response. 4. Post-fire regeneration was strongly linked to stand age and post-fire substrate type. Fire behaviour and severity had little effect, though fire-induced ground-surface heating may promote Calluna seedling establishment. Vegetative regeneration of Calluna was extremely poor in older stands, as was seedling establishment in areas where the post-fire substrate was dominated by live or dead pleurocarpous moss mats. 5.Synthesis and applications. Significant nonlinearities exist in fire severity on heathlands, with step changes related to the depth and moisture content of moss/litter layers and peat. Younger stands, less than c. 30 cm tall, should be the focus of management if the objective is to maximize Calluna regeneration. Burning older and uneven-aged stands is discouraged except for the purposes of fire hazard management. Managers should develop landscape-level burn plans to target burning effectively and create diverse fire regimes.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Calluna</subject><subject>Calluna vulgaris</subject><subject>Cervus elaphus</subject><subject>Deer</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Fire behavior</subject><subject>Fire breaks</subject><subject>fire effects</subject><subject>Fire severity</subject><subject>fireline intensity</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Forest & brush fires</subject><subject>Forest and land fires</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Heathlands</subject><subject>Lagopus lagopus scoticus</subject><subject>moorland</subject><subject>Moorlands</subject><subject>muirburn</subject><subject>Ovis aries</subject><subject>permanova</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>pyrometer</subject><subject>Pyrometers</subject><subject>Redundancy Analysis</subject><subject>residence time</subject><subject>Restoration and regeneration</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>thermocouple</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>Weather damages. Fires</subject><subject>Wildfires</subject><issn>0021-8901</issn><issn>1365-2664</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkU2P0zAQhiMEEmXhJyAsJMSFFH_FiZE4oGo_QCuBBHu2nHTcukrj4kmWLb8ee7PqgdP6Yo_necczfouCMLpkaX3cLZlQVcmVkktO0y1ldS2Xd0-KxSnxtFhQylnZaMqeFy8Qd5RSXQmxKP5e-AjEDyMM6MfjB-JyjHALMYXEDmsCXcAjjrAnEfAQBsw82YIdt33K4yfibDeGiMQ6B93ohw0Zt5DoDQwQ7ejDQIIjK9v302DJ7dRvbPT4snjmbI_w6mE_K24uzn-trsrr75dfV1-uy042VJZC8oYKUWmoutZJAKXlGiQXoma6UpVbt9JxqkXD20qoWoCi2mnerikTum3EWfF-rnuI4fcEOJq9xw761DyECU0tFec1a_gjSXpPvv2P3IUpDmkMkxqTUkiVH25mqIsBMYIzh-j3Nh4NoyabZ3Yme2SyRyabZ-7NM3dJ-u6hvsXO9i7aofN40nOezGO1Ttznmfvjezg-ur759uM8n5L-9azfYXLwpJdU0arheYQ3c97ZYOwmuWZufqZKgrKG5a8Q_wCoAL9t</recordid><startdate>201004</startdate><enddate>201004</enddate><creator>Matt Davies, G</creator><creator>Adam Smith, A</creator><creator>MacDonald, Angus J</creator><creator>Bakker, Jonathan D</creator><creator>Legg, Colin J</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201004</creationdate><title>Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris</title><author>Matt Davies, G ; Adam Smith, A ; MacDonald, Angus J ; Bakker, Jonathan D ; Legg, Colin J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4804-342803359e5cbf4ee694de4233719565fdb4f209382b53673e609f92bd0139b83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Calluna</topic><topic>Calluna vulgaris</topic><topic>Cervus elaphus</topic><topic>Deer</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Fire behavior</topic><topic>Fire breaks</topic><topic>fire effects</topic><topic>Fire severity</topic><topic>fireline intensity</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Forest & brush fires</topic><topic>Forest and land fires</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Heathlands</topic><topic>Lagopus lagopus scoticus</topic><topic>moorland</topic><topic>Moorlands</topic><topic>muirburn</topic><topic>Ovis aries</topic><topic>permanova</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>pyrometer</topic><topic>Pyrometers</topic><topic>Redundancy Analysis</topic><topic>residence time</topic><topic>Restoration and regeneration</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>thermocouple</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>Weather damages. Fires</topic><topic>Wildfires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Matt Davies, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adam Smith, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacDonald, Angus J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bakker, Jonathan D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Legg, Colin J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Matt Davies, G</au><au>Adam Smith, A</au><au>MacDonald, Angus J</au><au>Bakker, Jonathan D</au><au>Legg, Colin J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle><date>2010-04</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>356</spage><epage>365</epage><pages>356-365</pages><issn>0021-8901</issn><eissn>1365-2664</eissn><coden>JAPEAI</coden><abstract>1. Upland heaths in the UK are of significant conservation importance. Large areas are managed through prescribed burning to improve habitat and grazing for red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, deer Cervus elaphus and sheep Ovis aries. Previous research has identified trends in vegetation development following burning, but has not linked this to variation in fire behaviour and severity. 2. We burned 15 experimental fires on an area of Calluna vulgaris-dominated moorland, and recorded pre- and post-fire vegetation structure and composition, fire behaviour characteristics, and several 'proxy measures' of fire severity. 3. We distinguished measures of fire severity, describing the immediate physical effects of burning, from the long-term ecosystem responses of substrate development and Calluna regeneration. Proxy measures of fire severity did not relate strongly to fire behaviour or ecosystem response. 4. Post-fire regeneration was strongly linked to stand age and post-fire substrate type. Fire behaviour and severity had little effect, though fire-induced ground-surface heating may promote Calluna seedling establishment. Vegetative regeneration of Calluna was extremely poor in older stands, as was seedling establishment in areas where the post-fire substrate was dominated by live or dead pleurocarpous moss mats. 5.Synthesis and applications. Significant nonlinearities exist in fire severity on heathlands, with step changes related to the depth and moisture content of moss/litter layers and peat. Younger stands, less than c. 30 cm tall, should be the focus of management if the objective is to maximize Calluna regeneration. Burning older and uneven-aged stands is discouraged except for the purposes of fire hazard management. Managers should develop landscape-level burn plans to target burning effectively and create diverse fire regimes.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01774.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Age Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Birds Calluna Calluna vulgaris Cervus elaphus Deer Ecosystems Fire behavior Fire breaks fire effects Fire severity fireline intensity Flowers & plants Forest & brush fires Forest and land fires Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Habitats Heathlands Lagopus lagopus scoticus moorland Moorlands muirburn Ovis aries permanova Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection pyrometer Pyrometers Redundancy Analysis residence time Restoration and regeneration Seedlings thermocouple Vegetation Weather damages. Fires Wildfires |
title | Fire intensity, fire severity and ecosystem response in heathlands: factors affecting the regeneration of Calluna vulgaris |
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