SpSM30 gene family expression patterns in embryonic and adult biomineralized tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
The SpSM30 gene family of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is comprised of six members, designated SpSM30A through SpSM30F ( Livingston et al., 2006). The SpSM30 proteins are found uniquely in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of the sea urchin. Previous studies have revealed tha...
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| description | The
SpSM30 gene family of the sea urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is comprised of six members, designated
SpSM30A through
SpSM30F (
Livingston et al., 2006). The SpSM30 proteins are found uniquely in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of the sea urchin. Previous studies have revealed that SpSM30 proteins are occluded within the embryonic endoskeleton and adult mineralized tissues (
Killian and Wilt, 1996; Mann et al., 2008a,b; Urry et al., 2000). Furthermore, some of the SpSM30 proteins are among the most abundant of the approximately four-dozen integral matrix proteins of the larval spicule (
Killian and Wilt, 1996). The amino acid sequence, protein domain architecture, and contiguity within the genome strongly support the supposition that the six genes constitute a gene family. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used in the present study to describe the time course of expression of the family members during embryonic development, and their expression in adult tissues.
SpSM30A,
B,
C and
E are expressed, albeit at different levels, during overt spicule deposition in the embryo with some differences in the precise timing of expression.
SpSM30D is not expressed in the embryo, and
SpSM30F is expressed transiently and at low levels just prior to overt spicule formation. Whole mount in situ hybridization studies show that
SpSM30A,
B,
C, and
E are expressed exclusively in primary mesenchyme (PMC) cells and their descendants. In addition, tissue fractionation studies indicate that
SpSM30F expression is highly enriched in PMCs. Each adult tissue examined expresses a different cohort of the
SpSM30 family members at varying levels:
SpSM30A mRNA is not expressed in adult tissues. Its expression is limited to the embryo. Conversely,
SpSM30D mRNA is not expressed in the embryo, but is expressed in adult spines and teeth.
SpSM30B and
SpSM30C are expressed at modest levels in all mineralized adult tissues;
SpSM30E is expressed highly in tooth and test; and
SpSM30F is expressed in spine and at low levels in the other adult tissues except the test. Relative levels of expression of the several family members in these different tissues vary widely. It is likely SpSM30 proteins play a vital, but still unknown, role in biomineralization of these tissues during development. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.gep.2010.01.002 |
| format | Article |
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SpSM30 gene family of the sea urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is comprised of six members, designated
SpSM30A through
SpSM30F (
Livingston et al., 2006). The SpSM30 proteins are found uniquely in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of the sea urchin. Previous studies have revealed that SpSM30 proteins are occluded within the embryonic endoskeleton and adult mineralized tissues (
Killian and Wilt, 1996; Mann et al., 2008a,b; Urry et al., 2000). Furthermore, some of the SpSM30 proteins are among the most abundant of the approximately four-dozen integral matrix proteins of the larval spicule (
Killian and Wilt, 1996). The amino acid sequence, protein domain architecture, and contiguity within the genome strongly support the supposition that the six genes constitute a gene family. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used in the present study to describe the time course of expression of the family members during embryonic development, and their expression in adult tissues.
SpSM30A,
B,
C and
E are expressed, albeit at different levels, during overt spicule deposition in the embryo with some differences in the precise timing of expression.
SpSM30D is not expressed in the embryo, and
SpSM30F is expressed transiently and at low levels just prior to overt spicule formation. Whole mount in situ hybridization studies show that
SpSM30A,
B,
C, and
E are expressed exclusively in primary mesenchyme (PMC) cells and their descendants. In addition, tissue fractionation studies indicate that
SpSM30F expression is highly enriched in PMCs. Each adult tissue examined expresses a different cohort of the
SpSM30 family members at varying levels:
SpSM30A mRNA is not expressed in adult tissues. Its expression is limited to the embryo. Conversely,
SpSM30D mRNA is not expressed in the embryo, but is expressed in adult spines and teeth.
SpSM30B and
SpSM30C are expressed at modest levels in all mineralized adult tissues;
SpSM30E is expressed highly in tooth and test; and
SpSM30F is expressed in spine and at low levels in the other adult tissues except the test. Relative levels of expression of the several family members in these different tissues vary widely. It is likely SpSM30 proteins play a vital, but still unknown, role in biomineralization of these tissues during development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-133X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.01.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20097309</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomineralization ; Calcification, Physiologic - genetics ; Calcification, Physiologic - physiology ; Calcite ; Cytoskeletal Proteins - biosynthesis ; Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics ; Echinoidea ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Glycoproteins - biosynthesis ; Glycoproteins - genetics ; Integral matrix ; Marine ; Multigene Family ; Sea urchin ; Spicule ; Spine ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus - genetics ; Test</subject><ispartof>Gene Expression Patterns, 2010-02, Vol.10 (2), p.135-139</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-d43667c1b23c968b9e5cb0aa0d3e4a7a330a3903780b004aba06bc629a8e90003</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-d43667c1b23c968b9e5cb0aa0d3e4a7a330a3903780b004aba06bc629a8e90003</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2010.01.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,3552,27931,27932,46002</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20097309$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Killian, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Croker, Lindsay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilt, Fred H.</creatorcontrib><title>SpSM30 gene family expression patterns in embryonic and adult biomineralized tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</title><title>Gene Expression Patterns</title><addtitle>Gene Expr Patterns</addtitle><description>The
SpSM30 gene family of the sea urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is comprised of six members, designated
SpSM30A through
SpSM30F (
Livingston et al., 2006). The SpSM30 proteins are found uniquely in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of the sea urchin. Previous studies have revealed that SpSM30 proteins are occluded within the embryonic endoskeleton and adult mineralized tissues (
Killian and Wilt, 1996; Mann et al., 2008a,b; Urry et al., 2000). Furthermore, some of the SpSM30 proteins are among the most abundant of the approximately four-dozen integral matrix proteins of the larval spicule (
Killian and Wilt, 1996). The amino acid sequence, protein domain architecture, and contiguity within the genome strongly support the supposition that the six genes constitute a gene family. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used in the present study to describe the time course of expression of the family members during embryonic development, and their expression in adult tissues.
SpSM30A,
B,
C and
E are expressed, albeit at different levels, during overt spicule deposition in the embryo with some differences in the precise timing of expression.
SpSM30D is not expressed in the embryo, and
SpSM30F is expressed transiently and at low levels just prior to overt spicule formation. Whole mount in situ hybridization studies show that
SpSM30A,
B,
C, and
E are expressed exclusively in primary mesenchyme (PMC) cells and their descendants. In addition, tissue fractionation studies indicate that
SpSM30F expression is highly enriched in PMCs. Each adult tissue examined expresses a different cohort of the
SpSM30 family members at varying levels:
SpSM30A mRNA is not expressed in adult tissues. Its expression is limited to the embryo. Conversely,
SpSM30D mRNA is not expressed in the embryo, but is expressed in adult spines and teeth.
SpSM30B and
SpSM30C are expressed at modest levels in all mineralized adult tissues;
SpSM30E is expressed highly in tooth and test; and
SpSM30F is expressed in spine and at low levels in the other adult tissues except the test. Relative levels of expression of the several family members in these different tissues vary widely. It is likely SpSM30 proteins play a vital, but still unknown, role in biomineralization of these tissues during development.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomineralization</subject><subject>Calcification, Physiologic - genetics</subject><subject>Calcification, Physiologic - physiology</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Cytoskeletal Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Echinoidea</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism</subject><subject>Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Glycoproteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Glycoproteins - genetics</subject><subject>Integral matrix</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Multigene Family</subject><subject>Sea urchin</subject><subject>Spicule</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</subject><subject>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus - genetics</subject><subject>Test</subject><issn>1567-133X</issn><issn>1872-7298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU-LFDEQxRtR3D_6AbxIbl7ssdLpTnfwJIuuwoqHUfAWKuma2QzdSZukxfHu9zbLrB4VCuoF3nsU-VXVMw4bDly-Omz2tGwaKG_gG4DmQXXOh76p-0YND4vuZF9zIb6eVRcpHaBklFSPq7MGQPUC1Hn1a7tsPwpge_LEdji76cjoxxIpJRc8WzBnij4x5xnNJh6Dd5ahHxmO65SZcWF2niJO7ieNLLuUVkos7Fi-JZYI2RrtrfMv2TbH4PfHKVjyReY1sWWNZbDIJ9WjHU6Jnt7vy-rLu7efr97XN5-uP1y9ualt20Gux1ZI2VtuGmGVHIyizhpAhFFQiz0KASgUiH4AA9CiQZDGykbhQAoAxGX14tS7xPCtHJr17JKlaUJPYU26byXvVNeK_zuFkKIbmrY4-clpY0gp0k4v0c0Yj5qDvsOkD7pg0neYNHBdMJXM8_v21cw0_k384VIMr08GKr_x3VHUyTrylkYXyWY9BveP-t-axqU8</recordid><startdate>20100201</startdate><enddate>20100201</enddate><creator>Killian, Christopher E.</creator><creator>Croker, Lindsay</creator><creator>Wilt, Fred H.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H99</scope><scope>L.F</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100201</creationdate><title>SpSM30 gene family expression patterns in embryonic and adult biomineralized tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</title><author>Killian, Christopher E. ; Croker, Lindsay ; Wilt, Fred H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-d43667c1b23c968b9e5cb0aa0d3e4a7a330a3903780b004aba06bc629a8e90003</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomineralization</topic><topic>Calcification, Physiologic - genetics</topic><topic>Calcification, Physiologic - physiology</topic><topic>Calcite</topic><topic>Cytoskeletal Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Echinoidea</topic><topic>Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism</topic><topic>Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</topic><topic>Glycoproteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Glycoproteins - genetics</topic><topic>Integral matrix</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Multigene Family</topic><topic>Sea urchin</topic><topic>Spicule</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</topic><topic>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus - genetics</topic><topic>Test</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Killian, Christopher E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Croker, Lindsay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilt, Fred H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>ASFA: Marine Biotechnology Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Marine Biotechnology Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Gene Expression Patterns</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Killian, Christopher E.</au><au>Croker, Lindsay</au><au>Wilt, Fred H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>SpSM30 gene family expression patterns in embryonic and adult biomineralized tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</atitle><jtitle>Gene Expression Patterns</jtitle><addtitle>Gene Expr Patterns</addtitle><date>2010-02-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>135</spage><epage>139</epage><pages>135-139</pages><issn>1567-133X</issn><eissn>1872-7298</eissn><abstract>The
SpSM30 gene family of the sea urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is comprised of six members, designated
SpSM30A through
SpSM30F (
Livingston et al., 2006). The SpSM30 proteins are found uniquely in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of the sea urchin. Previous studies have revealed that SpSM30 proteins are occluded within the embryonic endoskeleton and adult mineralized tissues (
Killian and Wilt, 1996; Mann et al., 2008a,b; Urry et al., 2000). Furthermore, some of the SpSM30 proteins are among the most abundant of the approximately four-dozen integral matrix proteins of the larval spicule (
Killian and Wilt, 1996). The amino acid sequence, protein domain architecture, and contiguity within the genome strongly support the supposition that the six genes constitute a gene family. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used in the present study to describe the time course of expression of the family members during embryonic development, and their expression in adult tissues.
SpSM30A,
B,
C and
E are expressed, albeit at different levels, during overt spicule deposition in the embryo with some differences in the precise timing of expression.
SpSM30D is not expressed in the embryo, and
SpSM30F is expressed transiently and at low levels just prior to overt spicule formation. Whole mount in situ hybridization studies show that
SpSM30A,
B,
C, and
E are expressed exclusively in primary mesenchyme (PMC) cells and their descendants. In addition, tissue fractionation studies indicate that
SpSM30F expression is highly enriched in PMCs. Each adult tissue examined expresses a different cohort of the
SpSM30 family members at varying levels:
SpSM30A mRNA is not expressed in adult tissues. Its expression is limited to the embryo. Conversely,
SpSM30D mRNA is not expressed in the embryo, but is expressed in adult spines and teeth.
SpSM30B and
SpSM30C are expressed at modest levels in all mineralized adult tissues;
SpSM30E is expressed highly in tooth and test; and
SpSM30F is expressed in spine and at low levels in the other adult tissues except the test. Relative levels of expression of the several family members in these different tissues vary widely. It is likely SpSM30 proteins play a vital, but still unknown, role in biomineralization of these tissues during development.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>20097309</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.gep.2010.01.002</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1567-133X |
| ispartof | Gene Expression Patterns, 2010-02, Vol.10 (2), p.135-139 |
| issn | 1567-133X 1872-7298 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Animals Biomineralization Calcification, Physiologic - genetics Calcification, Physiologic - physiology Calcite Cytoskeletal Proteins - biosynthesis Cytoskeletal Proteins - genetics Echinoidea Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Glycoproteins - biosynthesis Glycoproteins - genetics Integral matrix Marine Multigene Family Sea urchin Spicule Spine Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus - genetics Test |
| title | SpSM30 gene family expression patterns in embryonic and adult biomineralized tissues of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus |
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