Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments
Antibiotic-resistant organisms enter into water environments from human and animal sources. These bacteria are able to spread their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which also contain resistance genes. On the contrary, many antibiotics from industrial origin circulate in water environments, pot...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Current opinion in biotechnology 2008-06, Vol.19 (3), p.260-265 |
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creator | Baquero, Fernando Martínez, José-Luis Cantón, Rafael |
description | Antibiotic-resistant organisms enter into water environments from human and animal sources. These bacteria are able to spread their genes into water-indigenous microbes, which also contain resistance genes. On the contrary, many antibiotics from industrial origin circulate in water environments, potentially altering microbial ecosystems. Risk assessment protocols for antibiotics and resistant bacteria in water, based on better systems for antibiotics detection and antibiotic-resistance microbial source tracking, are starting to be discussed. Methods to reduce resistant bacterial load in wastewaters, and the amount of antimicrobial agents, in most cases originated in hospitals and farms, include optimization of disinfection procedures and management of wastewater and manure. A policy for preventing mixing human-originated and animal-originated bacteria with environmental organisms seems advisable. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.05.006 |
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subjects | Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - analysis Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Biotechnology Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics Ecosystem Gene Transfer, Horizontal Genes, Bacterial Humans Industrial Waste - analysis Internal Medicine Risk Assessment Soil Pollutants - analysis Waste Management Water Microbiology Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis |
title | Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments |
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