The primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system
Amphioxus is considered to be the basal chordate. However, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. Here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental and comparative immunology 2010-08, Vol.34 (8), p.791-796 |
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| container_title | Developmental and comparative immunology |
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| creator | Han, Yan Huang, Gonghua Zhang, Qinfen Yuan, Shaochun Liu, Jianzhong Zheng, Tingting Fan, Lifei Chen, Shangwu Xu, Anlong |
| description | Amphioxus is considered to be the basal chordate. However, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. Here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron microscopy. The amphioxus gut and gill are characterized by the following morphological criteria compared with vertebrates: primary and secondary lymphoid-like tissue clustered in the gill, a thicker basement membrane with a large villus channel and lack of muscular layer in the gut, along with blood vessels that fill with phagocytes following microbial challenge. The phenomena of tissue repair after microbial invasion was observed, though no phagocytes were observed in the region of tissue necrosis. The epithelium cells of amphioxus gut showed active phagocytosis after the microbial challenge. A small number of free and fixed macrophage-like cells were also found in the amphioxus gut. The current results described the structure of the immune system and cellular defense against infection in a protochordate, which may help us in understanding the structural origin of the vertebrate immune system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dci.2010.03.009 |
| format | Article |
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However, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. Here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron microscopy. The amphioxus gut and gill are characterized by the following morphological criteria compared with vertebrates: primary and secondary lymphoid-like tissue clustered in the gill, a thicker basement membrane with a large villus channel and lack of muscular layer in the gut, along with blood vessels that fill with phagocytes following microbial challenge. The phenomena of tissue repair after microbial invasion was observed, though no phagocytes were observed in the region of tissue necrosis. The epithelium cells of amphioxus gut showed active phagocytosis after the microbial challenge. A small number of free and fixed macrophage-like cells were also found in the amphioxus gut. The current results described the structure of the immune system and cellular defense against infection in a protochordate, which may help us in understanding the structural origin of the vertebrate immune system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0145-305X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0089</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.03.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20363248</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Amphioxus ; Animals ; Branchiostoma lanceolatum ; Chordata ; Chordata, Nonvertebrate ; Gill ; Gills - pathology ; Gut ; Immune System ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestines - pathology ; Marine ; Microscopy, Electron ; Phagocytes - immunology ; Phagocytes - metabolism ; Phagocytes - microbiology ; Phagocytes - pathology ; Phagocytosis ; Staphylococcal Infections - genetics ; Staphylococcal Infections - immunology ; Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections - pathology ; Staphylococcus aureus - immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity ; Structure ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism ; Vertebrate ; Vertebrates ; Vibrio Infections - genetics ; Vibrio Infections - immunology ; Vibrio Infections - metabolism ; Vibrio Infections - pathology ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - immunology ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus - pathogenicity</subject><ispartof>Developmental and comparative immunology, 2010-08, Vol.34 (8), p.791-796</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-800138fcfca4c2d1c8c24d946f2a22c6a428b84221eab277f72d873b0a8dfca43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-800138fcfca4c2d1c8c24d946f2a22c6a428b84221eab277f72d873b0a8dfca43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145305X10000765$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363248$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Han, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Gonghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qinfen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Shaochun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jianzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Lifei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shangwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Anlong</creatorcontrib><title>The primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system</title><title>Developmental and comparative immunology</title><addtitle>Dev Comp Immunol</addtitle><description>Amphioxus is considered to be the basal chordate. However, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. Here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron microscopy. The amphioxus gut and gill are characterized by the following morphological criteria compared with vertebrates: primary and secondary lymphoid-like tissue clustered in the gill, a thicker basement membrane with a large villus channel and lack of muscular layer in the gut, along with blood vessels that fill with phagocytes following microbial challenge. The phenomena of tissue repair after microbial invasion was observed, though no phagocytes were observed in the region of tissue necrosis. The epithelium cells of amphioxus gut showed active phagocytosis after the microbial challenge. A small number of free and fixed macrophage-like cells were also found in the amphioxus gut. The current results described the structure of the immune system and cellular defense against infection in a protochordate, which may help us in understanding the structural origin of the vertebrate immune system.</description><subject>Amphioxus</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Branchiostoma lanceolatum</subject><subject>Chordata</subject><subject>Chordata, Nonvertebrate</subject><subject>Gill</subject><subject>Gills - pathology</subject><subject>Gut</subject><subject>Immune System</subject><subject>In Situ Hybridization</subject><subject>Intestines - pathology</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron</subject><subject>Phagocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Phagocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Phagocytes - microbiology</subject><subject>Phagocytes - pathology</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - genetics</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - immunology</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Structure</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</subject><subject>Vertebrate</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><subject>Vibrio Infections - genetics</subject><subject>Vibrio Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Vibrio Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Vibrio Infections - pathology</subject><subject>Vibrio parahaemolyticus - immunology</subject><subject>Vibrio parahaemolyticus - pathogenicity</subject><issn>0145-305X</issn><issn>1879-0089</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkTtPwzAUhS0EouXxA1hQNqaE60cTV0wI8ZKQWEBisxz7hrpqGrCdQv89jloYGMCDH_J3jq7OIeSEQkGBlufzwhpXMEhv4AXAdIeMqaymOYCc7pIxUDHJOUxeRuQghDmkJSnskxEDXnIm5Jh8PM0we_OuddGtMHNt2y8xC-sQsc26JtPt28x1n31IULdyFkPmlsG9zuJwiV0Wk14vDYbo9SJLe29i73HQDl8r9BFrr-Mv7yOy1-hFwOPteUieb66fru7yh8fb-6vLh9xwKWIuASiXjWmMFoZZaqRhwk5F2TDNmCm1YLKWgjGKumZV1VTMyorXoKUdNPyQnG180_jvfZpStS4YXCz0Ers-qEqUKb4yaf4lOee0opInkm5I47sQPDZqCFD7taKghmLUXKVi1FCMAq5SMUlzunXv6xbtj-K7iQRcbABMaawcehWMwxSsdR5NVLZzf9h_AZo4oOE</recordid><startdate>20100801</startdate><enddate>20100801</enddate><creator>Han, Yan</creator><creator>Huang, Gonghua</creator><creator>Zhang, Qinfen</creator><creator>Yuan, Shaochun</creator><creator>Liu, Jianzhong</creator><creator>Zheng, Tingting</creator><creator>Fan, Lifei</creator><creator>Chen, Shangwu</creator><creator>Xu, Anlong</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100801</creationdate><title>The primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system</title><author>Han, Yan ; Huang, Gonghua ; Zhang, Qinfen ; Yuan, Shaochun ; Liu, Jianzhong ; Zheng, Tingting ; Fan, Lifei ; Chen, Shangwu ; Xu, Anlong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-800138fcfca4c2d1c8c24d946f2a22c6a428b84221eab277f72d873b0a8dfca43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Amphioxus</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Branchiostoma lanceolatum</topic><topic>Chordata</topic><topic>Chordata, Nonvertebrate</topic><topic>Gill</topic><topic>Gills - pathology</topic><topic>Gut</topic><topic>Immune System</topic><topic>In Situ Hybridization</topic><topic>Intestines - pathology</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Microscopy, Electron</topic><topic>Phagocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Phagocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Phagocytes - microbiology</topic><topic>Phagocytes - pathology</topic><topic>Phagocytosis</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - genetics</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - immunology</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Structure</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology</topic><topic>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</topic><topic>Vertebrate</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><topic>Vibrio Infections - genetics</topic><topic>Vibrio Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Vibrio Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Vibrio Infections - pathology</topic><topic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus - immunology</topic><topic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus - pathogenicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Han, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Gonghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qinfen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Shaochun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jianzhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Lifei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shangwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Anlong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Developmental and comparative immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Han, Yan</au><au>Huang, Gonghua</au><au>Zhang, Qinfen</au><au>Yuan, Shaochun</au><au>Liu, Jianzhong</au><au>Zheng, Tingting</au><au>Fan, Lifei</au><au>Chen, Shangwu</au><au>Xu, Anlong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system</atitle><jtitle>Developmental and comparative immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Comp Immunol</addtitle><date>2010-08-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>791</spage><epage>796</epage><pages>791-796</pages><issn>0145-305X</issn><eissn>1879-0089</eissn><abstract>Amphioxus is considered to be the basal chordate. However, the structural and anatomical features of the amphioxus immune system are still elusive. Here we report a profile of structural studies of the amphioxus gill and gut, the first line of defending against microbes, through optical and electron microscopy. The amphioxus gut and gill are characterized by the following morphological criteria compared with vertebrates: primary and secondary lymphoid-like tissue clustered in the gill, a thicker basement membrane with a large villus channel and lack of muscular layer in the gut, along with blood vessels that fill with phagocytes following microbial challenge. The phenomena of tissue repair after microbial invasion was observed, though no phagocytes were observed in the region of tissue necrosis. The epithelium cells of amphioxus gut showed active phagocytosis after the microbial challenge. A small number of free and fixed macrophage-like cells were also found in the amphioxus gut. The current results described the structure of the immune system and cellular defense against infection in a protochordate, which may help us in understanding the structural origin of the vertebrate immune system.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20363248</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.dci.2010.03.009</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Developmental and comparative immunology, 2010-08, Vol.34 (8), p.791-796 |
| issn | 0145-305X 1879-0089 |
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| subjects | Amphioxus Animals Branchiostoma lanceolatum Chordata Chordata, Nonvertebrate Gill Gills - pathology Gut Immune System In Situ Hybridization Intestines - pathology Marine Microscopy, Electron Phagocytes - immunology Phagocytes - metabolism Phagocytes - microbiology Phagocytes - pathology Phagocytosis Staphylococcal Infections - genetics Staphylococcal Infections - immunology Staphylococcal Infections - metabolism Staphylococcal Infections - pathology Staphylococcus aureus - immunology Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Structure Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - immunology Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Vertebrate Vertebrates Vibrio Infections - genetics Vibrio Infections - immunology Vibrio Infections - metabolism Vibrio Infections - pathology Vibrio parahaemolyticus - immunology Vibrio parahaemolyticus - pathogenicity |
| title | The primitive immune system of amphioxus provides insights into the ancestral structure of the vertebrate immune system |
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