Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice
It has yet to be established whether chlorogenic acid (CGA), a common xenobiotic with potential exposure risk to humans, is associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2010-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1059-1065 |
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| creator | Liu, Zhaohua Liu, Zhaoping Shi, Yanqiu Zhou, Gengyin |
| description | It has yet to be established whether chlorogenic acid (CGA), a common xenobiotic with potential exposure risk to humans, is associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for use in predicting the immunosensitizing potential of low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs). Currently, the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is considered a very promising tool for assessing immunosensitizing potential of LMWCs. To determine whether CGA may possess an intrinsic capacity to stimulate or dysregulate immune responses, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved, we characterized the popliteal lymph node reaction induced by CGA in naive female BALB/c mice using both a direct PLNA (d-PLNA) and a reporter antigen PLNA (RA–PLNA) method. Our results show that CGA failed to induce immunoreactivity following a single subcutaneous injection either alone or when combined with TNP–OVA or TNP–Ficoll. These results indicated that CGA lacks the intrinsic capacity to sensitize or stimulate immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these results suggest that exposure to CGA may not represent a safety concern for humans and that removal of CGA from Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections may not significantly decrease the prevalence of HRs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.024 |
| format | Article |
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The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for use in predicting the immunosensitizing potential of low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs). Currently, the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is considered a very promising tool for assessing immunosensitizing potential of LMWCs. To determine whether CGA may possess an intrinsic capacity to stimulate or dysregulate immune responses, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved, we characterized the popliteal lymph node reaction induced by CGA in naive female BALB/c mice using both a direct PLNA (d-PLNA) and a reporter antigen PLNA (RA–PLNA) method. Our results show that CGA failed to induce immunoreactivity following a single subcutaneous injection either alone or when combined with TNP–OVA or TNP–Ficoll. These results indicated that CGA lacks the intrinsic capacity to sensitize or stimulate immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these results suggest that exposure to CGA may not represent a safety concern for humans and that removal of CGA from Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections may not significantly decrease the prevalence of HRs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.024</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20122982</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - classification ; Adjuvants, Immunologic - toxicity ; Allergens - classification ; Allergens - immunology ; Allergens - toxicity ; animal models ; Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions - drug effects ; antigens ; Antigens - immunology ; bioassays ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chlorogenic acid ; Chlorogenic Acid - classification ; Chlorogenic Acid - immunology ; Chlorogenic Acid - toxicity ; Female ; hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate - chemically induced ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate - immunology ; immune response ; immune system ; Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction ; Immunization - methods ; Immunosensitizing potential ; immunostimulants ; Immunotoxicity ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Local Lymph Node Assay ; lymph nodes ; Lymph Nodes - drug effects ; Lymph Nodes - immunology ; Lymph Nodes - pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects ; mechanism of action ; Medical sciences ; methodology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; molecular weight ; new methods ; Popliteal lymph node assay ; reporter antigens ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; subcutaneous injection ; toxicity ; toxicity testing ; Toxicology ; xenobiotics</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2010-04, Vol.48 (4), p.1059-1065</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-45fe7b3354962b3408a96065dd0eb6505771c6d3ec1db39e7ebe8626c0bafaa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-45fe7b3354962b3408a96065dd0eb6505771c6d3ec1db39e7ebe8626c0bafaa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.024$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22555650$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122982$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhaohua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhaoping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Yanqiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Gengyin</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>It has yet to be established whether chlorogenic acid (CGA), a common xenobiotic with potential exposure risk to humans, is associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for use in predicting the immunosensitizing potential of low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs). Currently, the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is considered a very promising tool for assessing immunosensitizing potential of LMWCs. To determine whether CGA may possess an intrinsic capacity to stimulate or dysregulate immune responses, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved, we characterized the popliteal lymph node reaction induced by CGA in naive female BALB/c mice using both a direct PLNA (d-PLNA) and a reporter antigen PLNA (RA–PLNA) method. Our results show that CGA failed to induce immunoreactivity following a single subcutaneous injection either alone or when combined with TNP–OVA or TNP–Ficoll. These results indicated that CGA lacks the intrinsic capacity to sensitize or stimulate immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these results suggest that exposure to CGA may not represent a safety concern for humans and that removal of CGA from Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections may not significantly decrease the prevalence of HRs.</description><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - classification</subject><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic - toxicity</subject><subject>Allergens - classification</subject><subject>Allergens - immunology</subject><subject>Allergens - toxicity</subject><subject>animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigen-Antibody Reactions - drug effects</subject><subject>antigens</subject><subject>Antigens - immunology</subject><subject>bioassays</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chlorogenic acid</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - classification</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - immunology</subject><subject>Chlorogenic Acid - toxicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>hypersensitivity</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - immunology</subject><subject>immune response</subject><subject>immune system</subject><subject>Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction</subject><subject>Immunization - methods</subject><subject>Immunosensitizing potential</subject><subject>immunostimulants</subject><subject>Immunotoxicity</subject><subject>Injections, Subcutaneous</subject><subject>Local Lymph Node Assay</subject><subject>lymph nodes</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - drug effects</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - immunology</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - pathology</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects</subject><subject>mechanism of action</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>methodology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>molecular weight</subject><subject>new methods</subject><subject>Popliteal lymph node assay</subject><subject>reporter antigens</subject><subject>Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms</subject><subject>subcutaneous injection</subject><subject>toxicity</subject><subject>toxicity testing</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>xenobiotics</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0cFu1DAQBmALgehSeAAu4AvilO3Yju1EnNqqFKSVOFDOluNMdr1K7CVOKm2fHke7wA1OlqVvxjP-CXnLYM2Aqav9unPTmkO-A1sDL5-RFau0KJSQ7DlZAddVoWomL8irlPYAoJlWL8lFLuG8rviKpLtH28928jHQ2NFph9QPwxxiwpD85J982NJDnDBM3vYLcbs-jnGLwTtqnW_pnBZjszr0fsKs-uNw2NEQW6Q2JXukPtCb683NlaODd_iavOhsn_DN-bwkD5_vHm6_FJtv919vrzeFk1BORSk71I0QsqwVb0QJla0VKNm2gI2SILVmTrUCHWsbUaPGBivFlYPGdtaKS_Lx1PYwxp8zpskMPjnsexswzsnoUgFwqav_SyE0g6qss2Qn6caY0oidOYx-sOPRMDBLJmZvciZmycQAMzmTXPPu3H1uBmz_VPwOIYMPZ2CTs3032uB8-uu4lDLvm937k-tsNHY7ZvPje-4igFWyYvXy1KeTwPytjx5Hk5zH4LD1I-ax2uj_Megv4FazEg</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Liu, Zhaohua</creator><creator>Liu, Zhaoping</creator><creator>Shi, Yanqiu</creator><creator>Zhou, Gengyin</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100401</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice</title><author>Liu, Zhaohua ; Liu, Zhaoping ; Shi, Yanqiu ; Zhou, Gengyin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-45fe7b3354962b3408a96065dd0eb6505771c6d3ec1db39e7ebe8626c0bafaa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Adjuvants, Immunologic - classification</topic><topic>Adjuvants, Immunologic - toxicity</topic><topic>Allergens - classification</topic><topic>Allergens - immunology</topic><topic>Allergens - toxicity</topic><topic>animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigen-Antibody Reactions - drug effects</topic><topic>antigens</topic><topic>Antigens - immunology</topic><topic>bioassays</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chlorogenic acid</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - classification</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - immunology</topic><topic>Chlorogenic Acid - toxicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>hypersensitivity</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - immunology</topic><topic>immune response</topic><topic>immune system</topic><topic>Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction</topic><topic>Immunization - methods</topic><topic>Immunosensitizing potential</topic><topic>immunostimulants</topic><topic>Immunotoxicity</topic><topic>Injections, Subcutaneous</topic><topic>Local Lymph Node Assay</topic><topic>lymph nodes</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - drug effects</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - immunology</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - pathology</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects</topic><topic>mechanism of action</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>methodology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>molecular weight</topic><topic>new methods</topic><topic>Popliteal lymph node assay</topic><topic>reporter antigens</topic><topic>Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms</topic><topic>subcutaneous injection</topic><topic>toxicity</topic><topic>toxicity testing</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>xenobiotics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhaohua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhaoping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Yanqiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Gengyin</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Zhaohua</au><au>Liu, Zhaoping</au><au>Shi, Yanqiu</au><au>Zhou, Gengyin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1059</spage><epage>1065</epage><pages>1059-1065</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>It has yet to be established whether chlorogenic acid (CGA), a common xenobiotic with potential exposure risk to humans, is associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HRs). The primary limitation in evaluating this potential relationship is the lack of an effective animal model for use in predicting the immunosensitizing potential of low molecular weight compounds (LMWCs). Currently, the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is considered a very promising tool for assessing immunosensitizing potential of LMWCs. To determine whether CGA may possess an intrinsic capacity to stimulate or dysregulate immune responses, and if so, what mechanisms may be involved, we characterized the popliteal lymph node reaction induced by CGA in naive female BALB/c mice using both a direct PLNA (d-PLNA) and a reporter antigen PLNA (RA–PLNA) method. Our results show that CGA failed to induce immunoreactivity following a single subcutaneous injection either alone or when combined with TNP–OVA or TNP–Ficoll. These results indicated that CGA lacks the intrinsic capacity to sensitize or stimulate immune responses in BALB/c mice. Moreover, these results suggest that exposure to CGA may not represent a safety concern for humans and that removal of CGA from Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections may not significantly decrease the prevalence of HRs.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>20122982</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.024</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adjuvants, Immunologic - classification Adjuvants, Immunologic - toxicity Allergens - classification Allergens - immunology Allergens - toxicity animal models Animals Antigen-Antibody Reactions - drug effects antigens Antigens - immunology bioassays Biological and medical sciences Chlorogenic acid Chlorogenic Acid - classification Chlorogenic Acid - immunology Chlorogenic Acid - toxicity Female hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity, Immediate - chemically induced Hypersensitivity, Immediate - immunology immune response immune system Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction Immunization - methods Immunosensitizing potential immunostimulants Immunotoxicity Injections, Subcutaneous Local Lymph Node Assay lymph nodes Lymph Nodes - drug effects Lymph Nodes - immunology Lymph Nodes - pathology Lymphocyte Activation - drug effects mechanism of action Medical sciences methodology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C molecular weight new methods Popliteal lymph node assay reporter antigens Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms subcutaneous injection toxicity toxicity testing Toxicology xenobiotics |
| title | Evaluation of the immunosensitizing potential of chlorogenic acid using a popliteal lymph node assay in BALB/c mice |
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