Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan
Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2010-03, Vol.408 (8), p.1932-1942 |
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| creator | Takamatsu, Takejiro Watanabe, Mirai Koshikawa, Masami K. Murata, Tomoyoshi Yamamura, Shigeki Hayashi, Seiji |
| description | Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)i/(X/Al)BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14–30cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93)≥Sb (4.06)≥As (3.04)>Zn (1.71)≥Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0)>Pb (12.4)>Cu (4.48)≥As (3.43)≥Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO3−, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO3− concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO3−]=21.1 [dissolved Sb], r=0.938, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.016 |
| format | Article |
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Soil cores (30cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)i/(X/Al)BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14–30cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93)≥Sb (4.06)≥As (3.04)>Zn (1.71)≥Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0)>Pb (12.4)>Cu (4.48)≥As (3.43)≥Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO3−, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO3− concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO3−]=21.1 [dissolved Sb], r=0.938, p<0.0001, n=182). Using this correlation, total (cumulative) inputs of NO3− were estimated from the accumulated amounts of exogenous Sb in soils, i.e., 16.7t/ha at Mt. Kinsyo (most polluted), 8.6t/ha at Mt. Tsukuba (moderately polluted), and 5.8t/ha at the Taga mountain system (least polluted). There are no visible ecological effects of these accumulated elements in the Kanto region at present. However, the concentrations of some elements are within a harmful range, according to the Ecological Soil Screening Levels determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20153018</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STENDL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; Air Pollutants - chemistry ; Air pollution ; Altitude ; Anthropogenic elements ; Antimony ; Applied sciences ; Arsenic - analysis ; Cities ; Correlation ; Cryptomeria - growth & development ; Cryptomeria - metabolism ; Cryptomeria japonica ; Cumulative input of NO3 ; Deposition ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Ecosystem ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Enrichment ; Enrichment ratios ; Environmental Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Forest pollution ; Geography ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Japan ; Lead (metal) ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Nitrates - analysis ; Pollution ; Pollution sources. Measurement results ; Pollution, environment geology ; Rain - chemistry ; Risk Assessment ; Soil (material) ; Soil and sediments pollution ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil Pollutants - chemistry ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2010-03, Vol.408 (8), p.1932-1942</ispartof><rights>2010 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-850bec2a89184ab3072ff54ef61b39d4da104a25b82a3292ccd4e995b7e719473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-850bec2a89184ab3072ff54ef61b39d4da104a25b82a3292ccd4e995b7e719473</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.016$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22561669$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20153018$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Takamatsu, Takejiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Mirai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koshikawa, Masami K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murata, Tomoyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamura, Shigeki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Seiji</creatorcontrib><title>Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)i/(X/Al)BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14–30cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93)≥Sb (4.06)≥As (3.04)>Zn (1.71)≥Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0)>Pb (12.4)>Cu (4.48)≥As (3.43)≥Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO3−, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO3− concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO3−]=21.1 [dissolved Sb], r=0.938, p<0.0001, n=182). Using this correlation, total (cumulative) inputs of NO3− were estimated from the accumulated amounts of exogenous Sb in soils, i.e., 16.7t/ha at Mt. Kinsyo (most polluted), 8.6t/ha at Mt. Tsukuba (moderately polluted), and 5.8t/ha at the Taga mountain system (least polluted). There are no visible ecological effects of these accumulated elements in the Kanto region at present. However, the concentrations of some elements are within a harmful range, according to the Ecological Soil Screening Levels determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Altitude</subject><subject>Anthropogenic elements</subject><subject>Antimony</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Arsenic - analysis</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Cryptomeria - growth & development</subject><subject>Cryptomeria - metabolism</subject><subject>Cryptomeria japonica</subject><subject>Cumulative input of NO3</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Enrichment ratios</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Forest pollution</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Lead (metal)</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Nitrates - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution sources. Measurement results</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Rain - chemistry</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Soil (material)</subject><subject>Soil and sediments pollution</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - chemistry</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkVtvFCEcxYnR2G31K1hejH2YWbkNl8fNxnujTWpffCEMwyibWdgCU-O3l3XX-mbJn5CQ3zkccgA4x2iJEeavN8tsfYnFhbslQfUW4Tr8EVhgKVSLEeGPwQIhJlvFlTgBpzlvUF1C4qfgpEo6irBcgM9XcZrm4mOAcYTbGIoJDuboJ_jTlx9wPTfwW2jgKjfwum_gVd0mDDD4kkxx0Af4yYQSG_jR7Ex4Bp6MZsru-fE8Azdv33xdv28vv7z7sF5dtpZJVVrZod5ZYqTCkpmeIkHGsWNu5LinamCDwYgZ0vWSGEoUsXZgTqmuF05gxQQ9A68OvrsUb2eXi976bN001fRxzlowjur_CH2YpJSTDnFcyYv_klgIVJNyySoqDqhNMefkRr1LfmvSL42R3hekN_q-IL0vSCNch1fli-Mjc791w73ubyMVeHkETLZmGpMJ1ud_HOk45lxV7vzAjSZq8z1V5ua6uuxNMCV_iNWBcLWIO-_SPpIL1g0-OVv0EP2DcX8DaDi4Iw</recordid><startdate>20100315</startdate><enddate>20100315</enddate><creator>Takamatsu, Takejiro</creator><creator>Watanabe, Mirai</creator><creator>Koshikawa, Masami K.</creator><creator>Murata, Tomoyoshi</creator><creator>Yamamura, Shigeki</creator><creator>Hayashi, Seiji</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>[Amsterdam; New York]: Elsevier Science</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100315</creationdate><title>Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan</title><author>Takamatsu, Takejiro ; Watanabe, Mirai ; Koshikawa, Masami K. ; Murata, Tomoyoshi ; Yamamura, Shigeki ; Hayashi, Seiji</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c489t-850bec2a89184ab3072ff54ef61b39d4da104a25b82a3292ccd4e995b7e719473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - chemistry</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Altitude</topic><topic>Anthropogenic elements</topic><topic>Antimony</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Arsenic - analysis</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Cryptomeria - growth & development</topic><topic>Cryptomeria - metabolism</topic><topic>Cryptomeria japonica</topic><topic>Cumulative input of NO3</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Enrichment</topic><topic>Enrichment ratios</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Forest pollution</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Japan</topic><topic>Lead (metal)</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Nitrates - analysis</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution sources. Measurement results</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Rain - chemistry</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Soil (material)</topic><topic>Soil and sediments pollution</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - chemistry</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Takamatsu, Takejiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Mirai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koshikawa, Masami K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murata, Tomoyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamamura, Shigeki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Seiji</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Takamatsu, Takejiro</au><au>Watanabe, Mirai</au><au>Koshikawa, Masami K.</au><au>Murata, Tomoyoshi</au><au>Yamamura, Shigeki</au><au>Hayashi, Seiji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2010-03-15</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>408</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1932</spage><epage>1942</epage><pages>1932-1942</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><coden>STENDL</coden><abstract>Soil cores and rainwater were sampled under canopies of Cryptomeria japonica in four montane areas along an atmospheric depositional gradient in Kanto, Japan. Soil cores (30cm in depth) were divided into 2-cm or 4-cm segments for analysis. Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios in soils were calculated as follows: (X/Al)i/(X/Al)BG (where the numerator and denominator are concentration ratios of element-X and Al in the i- and bottom segments of soil cores, respectively). The upper 14-cm soil layer showed higher levels of Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb than the lower (14–30cm) soil layer. In the four areas, the average enrichment ratios in the upper 6-cm soil layer were as follows: Pb (4.93)≥Sb (4.06)≥As (3.04)>Zn (1.71)≥Cu (1.56). Exogenous elements (kg/ha) accumulated in the upper 14-cm soil layer were as follows: Zn (26.0)>Pb (12.4)>Cu (4.48)≥As (3.43)≥Sb (0.49). These rank orders were consistent with those of elements in anthropogenic aerosols and polluted (roadside) air, respectively, indicating that air pollutants probably caused enrichment of these elements in the soil surface layer. Approximately half of the total concentrations of As, Sb, and Pb in the upper 14-cm soil layer were derived from exogenous (anthropogenic) sources. Sb showed the highest enrichment factor in anthropogenic aerosols, and shows similar deposition behavior to NO3−, which is a typical acidic air pollutant. There was a strong correlation between Sb and NO3− concentrations in rainfall (e.g., in the throughfall under C. japonica: [NO3−]=21.1 [dissolved Sb], r=0.938, p<0.0001, n=182). Using this correlation, total (cumulative) inputs of NO3− were estimated from the accumulated amounts of exogenous Sb in soils, i.e., 16.7t/ha at Mt. Kinsyo (most polluted), 8.6t/ha at Mt. Tsukuba (moderately polluted), and 5.8t/ha at the Taga mountain system (least polluted). There are no visible ecological effects of these accumulated elements in the Kanto region at present. However, the concentrations of some elements are within a harmful range, according to the Ecological Soil Screening Levels determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>20153018</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.016</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aerosols Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollutants - chemistry Air pollution Altitude Anthropogenic elements Antimony Applied sciences Arsenic - analysis Cities Correlation Cryptomeria - growth & development Cryptomeria - metabolism Cryptomeria japonica Cumulative input of NO3 Deposition Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Ecosystem Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Enrichment Enrichment ratios Environmental Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Forest pollution Geography Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Japan Lead (metal) Metals, Heavy - analysis Nitrates - analysis Pollution Pollution sources. Measurement results Pollution, environment geology Rain - chemistry Risk Assessment Soil (material) Soil and sediments pollution Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - chemistry Zinc |
| title | Pollution of montane soil with Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Pb, and nitrate in Kanto, Japan |
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