Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific, SEEDS II
A patch of water in the western subarctic gyre (low iron concentration,
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography Topical studies in oceanography, 2009-12, Vol.56 (26), p.2796-2809 |
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| container_title | Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography |
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| creator | Nishioka, Jun Takeda, Shigenobu Kondo, Yoshiko Obata, Hajime Doi, Takashi Tsumune, Daisuke Wong, C.S. Keith Johnson, W. Sutherland, N. Tsuda, Atsushi |
| description | A patch of water in the western subarctic gyre (low iron concentration, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.006 |
| format | Article |
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nM) was fertilized twice with 322 and 159
kg of iron to induce a phytoplankton bloom. In order to understand the changes in iron distribution and bio-availability throughout the evolution and termination phase of the iron-induced bloom, iron concentrations were measured at stations inside and outside of the iron-fertilized patch, and shipboard culture experiments using iron and desferrioxamine B (DFB) inoculation to regulate iron availability were conducted 5 times with water collected from the center of the iron-fertilized patch on D2, D7, D11, D17 and D23.
After the iron fertilization, we observed a significant increase in dissolved iron (1.38
nM at 5
m depth) at the center of the patch (D1). Dissolved iron concentrations subsequently decreased to an ambient level (~0.08
nM) on D16–D17, despite the second iron fertilization made on D6. During the 4-day incubations of the shipboard culture experiments, excess DFB-inoculated treatment inhibited the phytoplankton growth compared to the controls for D2, D7 and D11 patch water. This indicated that available iron existed in the iron-fertilized patch at least until D11. Moreover, iron-inoculated treatments induced growth of large-sized phytoplankton with an accompanying silicate decrease for D7, D11 and D17 patch water, but not for D23 patch water. These results indicated that large diatoms, which can respond to additional iron inoculation, existed in the iron-fertilized patch in evolution and early termination phase of the iron-induced bloom (at least until D17); however, there was no significant amount of large diatoms, which could rapidly respond to iron, in late termination phase (D23) of the iron-induced phytoplankton bloom.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0967-0645</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.006</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Bacillariophyceae ; Culture ; Deep sea ; Diatom ; Dissolution ; Evolution ; Fertilization ; Incubation experiment ; Inoculation ; Iron ; Iron bio-availability ; Iron dynamics ; Iron fertilization ; Marine ; Phytoplankton ; Western subarctic north Pacific</subject><ispartof>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography, 2009-12, Vol.56 (26), p.2796-2809</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-cd5a317a775f6ff2440b9025473e42f9949b5918813e6482005c4f6b99cc8ee53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-cd5a317a775f6ff2440b9025473e42f9949b5918813e6482005c4f6b99cc8ee53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nishioka, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeda, Shigenobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondo, Yoshiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obata, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsumune, Daisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, C.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keith Johnson, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sutherland, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuda, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific, SEEDS II</title><title>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</title><description>A patch of water in the western subarctic gyre (low iron concentration, <0.02
nM) was fertilized twice with 322 and 159
kg of iron to induce a phytoplankton bloom. In order to understand the changes in iron distribution and bio-availability throughout the evolution and termination phase of the iron-induced bloom, iron concentrations were measured at stations inside and outside of the iron-fertilized patch, and shipboard culture experiments using iron and desferrioxamine B (DFB) inoculation to regulate iron availability were conducted 5 times with water collected from the center of the iron-fertilized patch on D2, D7, D11, D17 and D23.
After the iron fertilization, we observed a significant increase in dissolved iron (1.38
nM at 5
m depth) at the center of the patch (D1). Dissolved iron concentrations subsequently decreased to an ambient level (~0.08
nM) on D16–D17, despite the second iron fertilization made on D6. During the 4-day incubations of the shipboard culture experiments, excess DFB-inoculated treatment inhibited the phytoplankton growth compared to the controls for D2, D7 and D11 patch water. This indicated that available iron existed in the iron-fertilized patch at least until D11. Moreover, iron-inoculated treatments induced growth of large-sized phytoplankton with an accompanying silicate decrease for D7, D11 and D17 patch water, but not for D23 patch water. These results indicated that large diatoms, which can respond to additional iron inoculation, existed in the iron-fertilized patch in evolution and early termination phase of the iron-induced bloom (at least until D17); however, there was no significant amount of large diatoms, which could rapidly respond to iron, in late termination phase (D23) of the iron-induced phytoplankton bloom.</description><subject>Bacillariophyceae</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Deep sea</subject><subject>Diatom</subject><subject>Dissolution</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Incubation experiment</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron bio-availability</subject><subject>Iron dynamics</subject><subject>Iron fertilization</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Western subarctic north Pacific</subject><issn>0967-0645</issn><issn>1879-0100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcGO0zAQhi0EEmXhBTj5BgeSHSeOHUtcULewlVYCaeFsOc5kO1VqFztdtA_BO-OqnPc0I83__5qZj7H3AmoBQl3v6zGnpm4ATA2qBlAv2Er02lQgAF6yFRilK1Cye83e5LwHgLZVZsX-rncuPGDmFDilGLiPwWNYklsohsxdGPlAsXKPjmY30EzLEx9PicJDmfF4xFBFj6U9YI7ZuxkvORgS-d2hRJ2jlx3yP5gXTIHn0-CSX8jzH87TRP4Tv99sbu75dvuWvZrcnPHd_3rFfn3d_FzfVnffv23XX-4qJzu5VH7sXCu007qb1DQ1UsJgoOmkblE2kzHSDJ0RfS9aVLIvX-m8nNRgjPc9YtdesQ-X3GOKv09lL3ug7HGeXcB4ylZLBeWtui_Kj88qhW4BpNECirS5SH2KOSec7DHRwaUnK8CeKdm9PVOyZ0oWlC2UiunzxYTl3EfCZLMnLAhGSugXO0Z6zv4Pne-bPg</recordid><startdate>20091215</startdate><enddate>20091215</enddate><creator>Nishioka, Jun</creator><creator>Takeda, Shigenobu</creator><creator>Kondo, Yoshiko</creator><creator>Obata, Hajime</creator><creator>Doi, Takashi</creator><creator>Tsumune, Daisuke</creator><creator>Wong, C.S.</creator><creator>Keith Johnson, W.</creator><creator>Sutherland, N.</creator><creator>Tsuda, Atsushi</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091215</creationdate><title>Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific, SEEDS II</title><author>Nishioka, Jun ; Takeda, Shigenobu ; Kondo, Yoshiko ; Obata, Hajime ; Doi, Takashi ; Tsumune, Daisuke ; Wong, C.S. ; Keith Johnson, W. ; Sutherland, N. ; Tsuda, Atsushi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-cd5a317a775f6ff2440b9025473e42f9949b5918813e6482005c4f6b99cc8ee53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Bacillariophyceae</topic><topic>Culture</topic><topic>Deep sea</topic><topic>Diatom</topic><topic>Dissolution</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Incubation experiment</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron bio-availability</topic><topic>Iron dynamics</topic><topic>Iron fertilization</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Phytoplankton</topic><topic>Western subarctic north Pacific</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nishioka, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeda, Shigenobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondo, Yoshiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obata, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doi, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsumune, Daisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, C.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keith Johnson, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sutherland, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuda, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nishioka, Jun</au><au>Takeda, Shigenobu</au><au>Kondo, Yoshiko</au><au>Obata, Hajime</au><au>Doi, Takashi</au><au>Tsumune, Daisuke</au><au>Wong, C.S.</au><au>Keith Johnson, W.</au><au>Sutherland, N.</au><au>Tsuda, Atsushi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific, SEEDS II</atitle><jtitle>Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oceanography</jtitle><date>2009-12-15</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>26</issue><spage>2796</spage><epage>2809</epage><pages>2796-2809</pages><issn>0967-0645</issn><eissn>1879-0100</eissn><abstract>A patch of water in the western subarctic gyre (low iron concentration, <0.02
nM) was fertilized twice with 322 and 159
kg of iron to induce a phytoplankton bloom. In order to understand the changes in iron distribution and bio-availability throughout the evolution and termination phase of the iron-induced bloom, iron concentrations were measured at stations inside and outside of the iron-fertilized patch, and shipboard culture experiments using iron and desferrioxamine B (DFB) inoculation to regulate iron availability were conducted 5 times with water collected from the center of the iron-fertilized patch on D2, D7, D11, D17 and D23.
After the iron fertilization, we observed a significant increase in dissolved iron (1.38
nM at 5
m depth) at the center of the patch (D1). Dissolved iron concentrations subsequently decreased to an ambient level (~0.08
nM) on D16–D17, despite the second iron fertilization made on D6. During the 4-day incubations of the shipboard culture experiments, excess DFB-inoculated treatment inhibited the phytoplankton growth compared to the controls for D2, D7 and D11 patch water. This indicated that available iron existed in the iron-fertilized patch at least until D11. Moreover, iron-inoculated treatments induced growth of large-sized phytoplankton with an accompanying silicate decrease for D7, D11 and D17 patch water, but not for D23 patch water. These results indicated that large diatoms, which can respond to additional iron inoculation, existed in the iron-fertilized patch in evolution and early termination phase of the iron-induced bloom (at least until D17); however, there was no significant amount of large diatoms, which could rapidly respond to iron, in late termination phase (D23) of the iron-induced phytoplankton bloom.</abstract><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.006</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacillariophyceae Culture Deep sea Diatom Dissolution Evolution Fertilization Incubation experiment Inoculation Iron Iron bio-availability Iron dynamics Iron fertilization Marine Phytoplankton Western subarctic north Pacific |
| title | Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific, SEEDS II |
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