Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes: 2005-2007
Background Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury. Hypothesis Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Spo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of sports medicine 2009-09, Vol.37 (9), p.1798-1805 |
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| container_title | The American journal of sports medicine |
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| creator | Darrow, Cory J. Collins, Christy L. Yard, Ellen E. Comstock, R. Dawn |
| description | Background
Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury.
Hypothesis
Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure.
Study Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods
Sports-related injury data were collected during the 2005-2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative United States high schools via RIO (Reporting Information Online). Severe injury was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than 21 days of sports participation.
Results
Participating certified athletic trainers (ATCs) reported 1378 severe injuries during 3 550 141 athlete-exposures (0.39 severe injuries per 1000 athletic exposures). Football had the highest severe injury rate (0.69), followed by wrestling (0.52), girls’ basketball (0.34), and girls’ soccer (0.33). The rate in all boys’ sports (0.45) was higher than all girls’ sports (0.26) (rate ratio [RR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.98; P < .001). However, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball), girls sustained a higher severe injury rate (0.29) than boys (0.23) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; P = .006). More specifically, girls’ basketball had a higher rate (0.34) than boys’ basketball (0.24) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; P = .009). Differences between boys’ and girls’ soccer and baseball/softball were not statistically significant. The severe injury rate was greater in competition (0.79) than practice (0.24) (RR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.97-3.67; P < .001). Nationally, high school athletes sustained an estimated 446 715 severe injuries from 2005-2007. The most commonly injured body sites were the knee (29.0%), ankle (12.3%), and shoulder (10.9%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (36.0%), complete ligament sprains (15.3%), and incomplete ligament sprains (14.3%). Of severe sports injuries, 0.3% resulted in medical disqualification for the athletes’ career, and an additional 56.8% resulted in medical disqualification for the entire season. One in 4 (28.3%) severe injuries required surgery, with over half (53.9%) being knee surgeries.
Conclusion
Severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Because severe injuries negatively affect athletes’ health and often place an increased burden on the health care system, future research should focus on developing interventions to decrease the incidence and severit |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/0363546509333015 |
| format | Article |
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Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury.
Hypothesis
Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure.
Study Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods
Sports-related injury data were collected during the 2005-2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative United States high schools via RIO (Reporting Information Online). Severe injury was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than 21 days of sports participation.
Results
Participating certified athletic trainers (ATCs) reported 1378 severe injuries during 3 550 141 athlete-exposures (0.39 severe injuries per 1000 athletic exposures). Football had the highest severe injury rate (0.69), followed by wrestling (0.52), girls’ basketball (0.34), and girls’ soccer (0.33). The rate in all boys’ sports (0.45) was higher than all girls’ sports (0.26) (rate ratio [RR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.98; P < .001). However, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball), girls sustained a higher severe injury rate (0.29) than boys (0.23) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; P = .006). More specifically, girls’ basketball had a higher rate (0.34) than boys’ basketball (0.24) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; P = .009). Differences between boys’ and girls’ soccer and baseball/softball were not statistically significant. The severe injury rate was greater in competition (0.79) than practice (0.24) (RR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.97-3.67; P < .001). Nationally, high school athletes sustained an estimated 446 715 severe injuries from 2005-2007. The most commonly injured body sites were the knee (29.0%), ankle (12.3%), and shoulder (10.9%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (36.0%), complete ligament sprains (15.3%), and incomplete ligament sprains (14.3%). Of severe sports injuries, 0.3% resulted in medical disqualification for the athletes’ career, and an additional 56.8% resulted in medical disqualification for the entire season. One in 4 (28.3%) severe injuries required surgery, with over half (53.9%) being knee surgeries.
Conclusion
Severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Because severe injuries negatively affect athletes’ health and often place an increased burden on the health care system, future research should focus on developing interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of sports-related injuries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-5465</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-3365</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/0363546509333015</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19531659</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJSMDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries - classification ; Athletic Injuries - epidemiology ; Athletic Injuries - etiology ; Athletic Injuries - physiopathology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; High school sports ; Humans ; Intervention ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medical statistics ; Schools ; Sports - classification ; Sports injuries ; Trauma Severity Indices ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>The American journal of sports medicine, 2009-09, Vol.37 (9), p.1798-1805</ispartof><rights>2009 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Sage Publications Ltd. Sep 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-4b932d3e93cd595ed1f339c1f02c7a5a16ad17a9493bc85195b7e18a9a6ecd153</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0363546509333015$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0363546509333015$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21932723$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19531659$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Darrow, Cory J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, Christy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yard, Ellen E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Comstock, R. Dawn</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes: 2005-2007</title><title>The American journal of sports medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><description>Background
Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury.
Hypothesis
Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure.
Study Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods
Sports-related injury data were collected during the 2005-2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative United States high schools via RIO (Reporting Information Online). Severe injury was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than 21 days of sports participation.
Results
Participating certified athletic trainers (ATCs) reported 1378 severe injuries during 3 550 141 athlete-exposures (0.39 severe injuries per 1000 athletic exposures). Football had the highest severe injury rate (0.69), followed by wrestling (0.52), girls’ basketball (0.34), and girls’ soccer (0.33). The rate in all boys’ sports (0.45) was higher than all girls’ sports (0.26) (rate ratio [RR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.98; P < .001). However, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball), girls sustained a higher severe injury rate (0.29) than boys (0.23) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; P = .006). More specifically, girls’ basketball had a higher rate (0.34) than boys’ basketball (0.24) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; P = .009). Differences between boys’ and girls’ soccer and baseball/softball were not statistically significant. The severe injury rate was greater in competition (0.79) than practice (0.24) (RR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.97-3.67; P < .001). Nationally, high school athletes sustained an estimated 446 715 severe injuries from 2005-2007. The most commonly injured body sites were the knee (29.0%), ankle (12.3%), and shoulder (10.9%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (36.0%), complete ligament sprains (15.3%), and incomplete ligament sprains (14.3%). Of severe sports injuries, 0.3% resulted in medical disqualification for the athletes’ career, and an additional 56.8% resulted in medical disqualification for the entire season. One in 4 (28.3%) severe injuries required surgery, with over half (53.9%) being knee surgeries.
Conclusion
Severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Because severe injuries negatively affect athletes’ health and often place an increased burden on the health care system, future research should focus on developing interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of sports-related injuries.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - classification</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - etiology</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - physiopathology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>High school sports</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medical statistics</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Sports - classification</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Trauma Severity Indices</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>0363-5465</issn><issn>1552-3365</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0VFr2zAQAGAxVtas2_uehhmUPrnT-XyS9VhK2xQKe8j6bBT5nDjYVibZg_77KSSsUBh7Etx9dzqdhPgC8hpA6-8SFVKpSBpElEDvxAKIihxR0XuxOKTzQ_5cfIxxJ6UEraoP4hwMISgyC7G823cND53v_eYl82224t8cOHscd3PoOGZ28OMmex67iZtsNdkpxZbdZput3Nb7PruZtj2n4Cdx1to-8ufTeSGe7-9-3i7zpx8Pj7c3T7lDXU15uTZYNMgGXUOGuIEW0ThoZeG0JQvKNqCtKQ2uXUVp0LVmqKyxil0DhBfi6th3H_yvmeNUD1103Pd2ZD_HWpdkNJVl9X-JpUSqZJnktzdy5-cwpmfUBWhJSitISB6RCz7GwG29D91gw0sNsj78Rv32N1LJ11PfeT1w81pwWn8Clydgo7N9G-zouvjXFZCWpQtMLj-6aDf8Otw_L_4DfL-cUg</recordid><startdate>20090901</startdate><enddate>20090901</enddate><creator>Darrow, Cory J.</creator><creator>Collins, Christy L.</creator><creator>Yard, Ellen E.</creator><creator>Comstock, R. Dawn</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090901</creationdate><title>Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes</title><author>Darrow, Cory J. ; Collins, Christy L. ; Yard, Ellen E. ; Comstock, R. Dawn</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-4b932d3e93cd595ed1f339c1f02c7a5a16ad17a9493bc85195b7e18a9a6ecd153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - classification</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - etiology</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - physiopathology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>High school sports</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medical statistics</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Sports - classification</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Trauma Severity Indices</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Darrow, Cory J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, Christy L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yard, Ellen E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Comstock, R. Dawn</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Darrow, Cory J.</au><au>Collins, Christy L.</au><au>Yard, Ellen E.</au><au>Comstock, R. Dawn</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes: 2005-2007</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of sports medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Sports Med</addtitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1798</spage><epage>1805</epage><pages>1798-1805</pages><issn>0363-5465</issn><eissn>1552-3365</eissn><coden>AJSMDO</coden><abstract>Background
Over 7 million students participate in high school athletics annually. Despite numerous health benefits, high school athletes are at risk for injury.
Hypothesis
Severe injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure.
Study Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.
Methods
Sports-related injury data were collected during the 2005-2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative United States high schools via RIO (Reporting Information Online). Severe injury was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than 21 days of sports participation.
Results
Participating certified athletic trainers (ATCs) reported 1378 severe injuries during 3 550 141 athlete-exposures (0.39 severe injuries per 1000 athletic exposures). Football had the highest severe injury rate (0.69), followed by wrestling (0.52), girls’ basketball (0.34), and girls’ soccer (0.33). The rate in all boys’ sports (0.45) was higher than all girls’ sports (0.26) (rate ratio [RR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-1.98; P < .001). However, among directly comparable sports (soccer, basketball, and baseball/softball), girls sustained a higher severe injury rate (0.29) than boys (0.23) (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.52; P = .006). More specifically, girls’ basketball had a higher rate (0.34) than boys’ basketball (0.24) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.86; P = .009). Differences between boys’ and girls’ soccer and baseball/softball were not statistically significant. The severe injury rate was greater in competition (0.79) than practice (0.24) (RR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.97-3.67; P < .001). Nationally, high school athletes sustained an estimated 446 715 severe injuries from 2005-2007. The most commonly injured body sites were the knee (29.0%), ankle (12.3%), and shoulder (10.9%). The most common diagnoses were fractures (36.0%), complete ligament sprains (15.3%), and incomplete ligament sprains (14.3%). Of severe sports injuries, 0.3% resulted in medical disqualification for the athletes’ career, and an additional 56.8% resulted in medical disqualification for the entire season. One in 4 (28.3%) severe injuries required surgery, with over half (53.9%) being knee surgeries.
Conclusion
Severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender, and type of exposure. Because severe injuries negatively affect athletes’ health and often place an increased burden on the health care system, future research should focus on developing interventions to decrease the incidence and severity of sports-related injuries.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>19531659</pmid><doi>10.1177/0363546509333015</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0363-5465 |
| ispartof | The American journal of sports medicine, 2009-09, Vol.37 (9), p.1798-1805 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Athletes Athletic Injuries - classification Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Athletic Injuries - etiology Athletic Injuries - physiopathology Biological and medical sciences Diseases of the osteoarticular system Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Female High school sports Humans Intervention Male Medical sciences Medical statistics Schools Sports - classification Sports injuries Trauma Severity Indices United States - epidemiology |
| title | Epidemiology of Severe Injuries among United States High School Athletes: 2005-2007 |
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