Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide
Thin films of tungsten oxide have been prepared by thermal evaporation. The effect of preparation conditions (heating of substrates and oxygen environment) on the optical constants ( n and k) of the films has been studied. Satisfactory derivation of n and k from the measured normal incidence transmi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Solar energy materials and solar cells 2002-02, Vol.71 (3), p.313-325 |
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| creator | Durrani, S.M.A. Khawaja, E.E. Salim, M.A. Al-Kuhaili, M.F. Al-Shukri, A.M. |
| description | Thin films of tungsten oxide have been prepared by thermal evaporation. The effect of preparation conditions (heating of substrates and oxygen environment) on the optical constants (
n and
k) of the films has been studied. Satisfactory derivation of
n and
k from the measured normal incidence transmittance of the films was achieved. It was found that (a) both
n and
k have larger values for films deposited on heated substrates than for those deposited on unheated substrates, and at a given substrate temperature, (b) both
n and
k have smaller values for films deposited in the oxygen atmosphere than those deposited without an introduction of oxygen in the chamber.
Thermochromic colouration of the films was carried out by annealing the films in vacuum. The annealing of the films produced significant loss in the oxygen content (measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and modulation of the transmittance for the films deposited on unheated substrates with or without the oxygen environment and films deposited on heated substrates with the oxygen. The loss in the oxygen content and the modulation of transmittance, however, were very small for films deposited on heated substrates without the oxygen. For annealed films, satisfactory derivation of
n and
k was achieved for films deposited on unheated substrates, while for films deposited on heated substrates this was not possible. This study revealed that upon annealing the optical properties of the films prepared in the oxygen environment were mainly absorptance-modulated, and those of the films without the oxygen were reflectance-modulated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00090-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_745944778</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0927024801000903</els_id><sourcerecordid>745944778</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-a30c52b3e108ca4c15f624067468f8970a19ccc58bf8fe19a7f16b18fd32f1f93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU-PFCEQxYnRxHH1I5j0xT97aKWAbuBkNpt1NdnEg3omDF04mG5ogTH67aV3NnpTT9RLfq-KvEfIU6CvgML4-iPVTPaUCfWSwjmlVNOe3yM7UFL3nGt1n-x-Iw_Jo1K-NoiNXOzIfOU9utol360ZV5ttDSl2LsUpbFPpmqoH7NJag7NzZ-O06bwkd8hpCa750oq5BizblnoIsfNhXk7qGL-UirFLP8KEj8kDb-eCT-7eM_L57dWny3f9zYfr95cXN70bGK295bQNe45AlbPCweBHJugoxai80pJa0M65Qe298gjaSg_jHpSfOPPgNT8jL05729e-HbFUs4TicJ5txHQsRopBCyGlauTzv5JMAm8pjv8DghgZNHA4gS6nUjJ6s-aw2PzTADVbXea2LrN1YSiY27oMb75ndwdsaTn7bKML5Y-ZC8kV27g3Jw5bgN8DZlNcwOhwCrkVaaYU_nHpFwIjqms</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>27114621</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Durrani, S.M.A. ; Khawaja, E.E. ; Salim, M.A. ; Al-Kuhaili, M.F. ; Al-Shukri, A.M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Durrani, S.M.A. ; Khawaja, E.E. ; Salim, M.A. ; Al-Kuhaili, M.F. ; Al-Shukri, A.M.</creatorcontrib><description>Thin films of tungsten oxide have been prepared by thermal evaporation. The effect of preparation conditions (heating of substrates and oxygen environment) on the optical constants (
n and
k) of the films has been studied. Satisfactory derivation of
n and
k from the measured normal incidence transmittance of the films was achieved. It was found that (a) both
n and
k have larger values for films deposited on heated substrates than for those deposited on unheated substrates, and at a given substrate temperature, (b) both
n and
k have smaller values for films deposited in the oxygen atmosphere than those deposited without an introduction of oxygen in the chamber.
Thermochromic colouration of the films was carried out by annealing the films in vacuum. The annealing of the films produced significant loss in the oxygen content (measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and modulation of the transmittance for the films deposited on unheated substrates with or without the oxygen environment and films deposited on heated substrates with the oxygen. The loss in the oxygen content and the modulation of transmittance, however, were very small for films deposited on heated substrates without the oxygen. For annealed films, satisfactory derivation of
n and
k was achieved for films deposited on unheated substrates, while for films deposited on heated substrates this was not possible. This study revealed that upon annealing the optical properties of the films prepared in the oxygen environment were mainly absorptance-modulated, and those of the films without the oxygen were reflectance-modulated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0927-0248</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3398</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00090-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Annealing ; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Deposition ; Evaporation ; Exact sciences and technology ; Film preparation ; Materials science ; Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy ; Opacity ; Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity) ; Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity ; Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation ; Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films ; Physics ; Thermal evaporation ; Thermochromic properties ; Thermooptical and photothermal effects ; Tungsten compounds ; Vacuum deposition ; WO 3 films ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2002-02, Vol.71 (3), p.313-325</ispartof><rights>2002</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-a30c52b3e108ca4c15f624067468f8970a19ccc58bf8fe19a7f16b18fd32f1f93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-a30c52b3e108ca4c15f624067468f8970a19ccc58bf8fe19a7f16b18fd32f1f93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024801000903$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13473823$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Durrani, S.M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khawaja, E.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salim, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Kuhaili, M.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Shukri, A.M.</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide</title><title>Solar energy materials and solar cells</title><description>Thin films of tungsten oxide have been prepared by thermal evaporation. The effect of preparation conditions (heating of substrates and oxygen environment) on the optical constants (
n and
k) of the films has been studied. Satisfactory derivation of
n and
k from the measured normal incidence transmittance of the films was achieved. It was found that (a) both
n and
k have larger values for films deposited on heated substrates than for those deposited on unheated substrates, and at a given substrate temperature, (b) both
n and
k have smaller values for films deposited in the oxygen atmosphere than those deposited without an introduction of oxygen in the chamber.
Thermochromic colouration of the films was carried out by annealing the films in vacuum. The annealing of the films produced significant loss in the oxygen content (measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and modulation of the transmittance for the films deposited on unheated substrates with or without the oxygen environment and films deposited on heated substrates with the oxygen. The loss in the oxygen content and the modulation of transmittance, however, were very small for films deposited on heated substrates without the oxygen. For annealed films, satisfactory derivation of
n and
k was achieved for films deposited on unheated substrates, while for films deposited on heated substrates this was not possible. This study revealed that upon annealing the optical properties of the films prepared in the oxygen environment were mainly absorptance-modulated, and those of the films without the oxygen were reflectance-modulated.</description><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Deposition</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Film preparation</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy</subject><subject>Opacity</subject><subject>Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)</subject><subject>Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity</subject><subject>Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation</subject><subject>Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Thermal evaporation</subject><subject>Thermochromic properties</subject><subject>Thermooptical and photothermal effects</subject><subject>Tungsten compounds</subject><subject>Vacuum deposition</subject><subject>WO 3 films</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>0927-0248</issn><issn>1879-3398</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkU-PFCEQxYnRxHH1I5j0xT97aKWAbuBkNpt1NdnEg3omDF04mG5ogTH67aV3NnpTT9RLfq-KvEfIU6CvgML4-iPVTPaUCfWSwjmlVNOe3yM7UFL3nGt1n-x-Iw_Jo1K-NoiNXOzIfOU9utol360ZV5ttDSl2LsUpbFPpmqoH7NJag7NzZ-O06bwkd8hpCa750oq5BizblnoIsfNhXk7qGL-UirFLP8KEj8kDb-eCT-7eM_L57dWny3f9zYfr95cXN70bGK295bQNe45AlbPCweBHJugoxai80pJa0M65Qe298gjaSg_jHpSfOPPgNT8jL05729e-HbFUs4TicJ5txHQsRopBCyGlauTzv5JMAm8pjv8DghgZNHA4gS6nUjJ6s-aw2PzTADVbXea2LrN1YSiY27oMb75ndwdsaTn7bKML5Y-ZC8kV27g3Jw5bgN8DZlNcwOhwCrkVaaYU_nHpFwIjqms</recordid><startdate>20020215</startdate><enddate>20020215</enddate><creator>Durrani, S.M.A.</creator><creator>Khawaja, E.E.</creator><creator>Salim, M.A.</creator><creator>Al-Kuhaili, M.F.</creator><creator>Al-Shukri, A.M.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>7TC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020215</creationdate><title>Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide</title><author>Durrani, S.M.A. ; Khawaja, E.E. ; Salim, M.A. ; Al-Kuhaili, M.F. ; Al-Shukri, A.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-a30c52b3e108ca4c15f624067468f8970a19ccc58bf8fe19a7f16b18fd32f1f93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Deposition</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Film preparation</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy</topic><topic>Opacity</topic><topic>Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)</topic><topic>Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity</topic><topic>Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation</topic><topic>Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Thermal evaporation</topic><topic>Thermochromic properties</topic><topic>Thermooptical and photothermal effects</topic><topic>Tungsten compounds</topic><topic>Vacuum deposition</topic><topic>WO 3 films</topic><topic>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Durrani, S.M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khawaja, E.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salim, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Kuhaili, M.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Shukri, A.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Mechanical Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Solar energy materials and solar cells</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Durrani, S.M.A.</au><au>Khawaja, E.E.</au><au>Salim, M.A.</au><au>Al-Kuhaili, M.F.</au><au>Al-Shukri, A.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide</atitle><jtitle>Solar energy materials and solar cells</jtitle><date>2002-02-15</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>313</spage><epage>325</epage><pages>313-325</pages><issn>0927-0248</issn><eissn>1879-3398</eissn><abstract>Thin films of tungsten oxide have been prepared by thermal evaporation. The effect of preparation conditions (heating of substrates and oxygen environment) on the optical constants (
n and
k) of the films has been studied. Satisfactory derivation of
n and
k from the measured normal incidence transmittance of the films was achieved. It was found that (a) both
n and
k have larger values for films deposited on heated substrates than for those deposited on unheated substrates, and at a given substrate temperature, (b) both
n and
k have smaller values for films deposited in the oxygen atmosphere than those deposited without an introduction of oxygen in the chamber.
Thermochromic colouration of the films was carried out by annealing the films in vacuum. The annealing of the films produced significant loss in the oxygen content (measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and modulation of the transmittance for the films deposited on unheated substrates with or without the oxygen environment and films deposited on heated substrates with the oxygen. The loss in the oxygen content and the modulation of transmittance, however, were very small for films deposited on heated substrates without the oxygen. For annealed films, satisfactory derivation of
n and
k was achieved for films deposited on unheated substrates, while for films deposited on heated substrates this was not possible. This study revealed that upon annealing the optical properties of the films prepared in the oxygen environment were mainly absorptance-modulated, and those of the films without the oxygen were reflectance-modulated.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00090-3</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Annealing Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Deposition Evaporation Exact sciences and technology Film preparation Materials science Methods of deposition of films and coatings film growth and epitaxy Opacity Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity) Optical constants: refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity Optical properties and condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of matter with particles and radiation Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films Physics Thermal evaporation Thermochromic properties Thermooptical and photothermal effects Tungsten compounds Vacuum deposition WO 3 films X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Effect of preparation conditions on the optical and thermochromic properties of thin films of tungsten oxide |
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