Human water, sodium, and calcium regulation during space flight and exercise
When one is exposed to microgravity, fluid which is normally pooled in the lower extremities is redistributed headward and weight bearing bones begin to demineralize due to reduced mechanical stresses. The kidney, which is the primary regulator of body fluid volume and composition, responds to the f...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Acta astronautica 2000-05, Vol.46 (9), p.591-604 |
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description | When one is exposed to microgravity, fluid which is normally pooled in the lower extremities is redistributed headward and weight bearing bones begin to demineralize due to reduced mechanical stresses. The kidney, which is the primary regulator of body fluid volume and composition, responds to the fluid shift and bone demineralization by increasing the urinary output of water, sodium, and calcium. This research involves developing a mathematical description of how water and electrolytes are internally redistributed and exchanged with the environment during space flight. This model consequently involves kidney function and the associated endocrine system. The model agrees well with actual data, including that a low sodium diet can prevent bone demineralization. Therefore, assumptions made to develop the model are most likely valid. Additionally, various levels of activity are also considered in the model since exercise may help to eliminate some of the undesired effects of space flight such as muscle atrophy and bone demineralization. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0094-5765(00)00020-5 |
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The kidney, which is the primary regulator of body fluid volume and composition, responds to the fluid shift and bone demineralization by increasing the urinary output of water, sodium, and calcium. This research involves developing a mathematical description of how water and electrolytes are internally redistributed and exchanged with the environment during space flight. This model consequently involves kidney function and the associated endocrine system. The model agrees well with actual data, including that a low sodium diet can prevent bone demineralization. Therefore, assumptions made to develop the model are most likely valid. 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The kidney, which is the primary regulator of body fluid volume and composition, responds to the fluid shift and bone demineralization by increasing the urinary output of water, sodium, and calcium. This research involves developing a mathematical description of how water and electrolytes are internally redistributed and exchanged with the environment during space flight. This model consequently involves kidney function and the associated endocrine system. The model agrees well with actual data, including that a low sodium diet can prevent bone demineralization. Therefore, assumptions made to develop the model are most likely valid. Additionally, various levels of activity are also considered in the model since exercise may help to eliminate some of the undesired effects of space flight such as muscle atrophy and bone demineralization.</description><subject>Aldosterone - metabolism</subject><subject>Body fluids</subject><subject>Body Water</subject><subject>Bone Demineralization, Pathologic - etiology</subject><subject>Bone Demineralization, Pathologic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium - metabolism</subject><subject>Electrolytes</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Fluid Shifts - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney - physiology</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Nephrons - physiology</subject><subject>Parathyroid Hormone - metabolism</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium - metabolism</subject><subject>Space Flight</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Vasopressins - metabolism</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water-Electrolyte Balance</subject><subject>Weightlessness - adverse effects</subject><issn>0094-5765</issn><issn>1879-2030</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0UtP3DAQwHELUcGW9iOAcoJWIu3Y8SM-IYTaUmklDsDZciaTxSiPxU76-PYNuyt6Kz1Zln7jkfxn7JjDJw5cf74FsDJXRqsPAB8BQECu9tiCl8bmAgrYZ4sXcsjepvQ4IyNKe8AOuQBVlKVZsOX11Pk---lHiudZGuowdeeZ7-sMfYvzJYu0mlo_hqHP6imGfpWltUfKmjasHsYNpV8UMSR6x940vk30fncesfuvX-6urvPlzbfvV5fLHKVSY05eel94S5I3SmBDSqPHkkMlGlM3AhWvBFFFVqMgxEKTIjK-0sQLFL44Ymfbd9dxeJooja4LCaltfU_DlJyRysqiADnL039LkFYLU74KhVHSAuf_BbXVMEO1hRiHlCI1bh1D5-Nvx8E9J3SbhO65jwNwm4ROzXMnuwVT1VH9d2rXbAYXW0DzF_8IFF3CQD1SHSLh6OohvLLiD-7oq54</recordid><startdate>20000501</startdate><enddate>20000501</enddate><creator>Doty, S.E</creator><creator>Seagrave, R.C</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TC</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000501</creationdate><title>Human water, sodium, and calcium regulation during space flight and exercise</title><author>Doty, S.E ; 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subjects | Aldosterone - metabolism Body fluids Body Water Bone Demineralization, Pathologic - etiology Bone Demineralization, Pathologic - physiopathology Calcium Calcium - metabolism Electrolytes Exercise - physiology Fluid Shifts - physiology Humans Kidney - physiology Mathematical models Models, Biological Nephrons - physiology Parathyroid Hormone - metabolism Sodium Sodium - metabolism Space Flight Space life sciences Urine Vasopressins - metabolism Water Water-Electrolyte Balance Weightlessness - adverse effects |
title | Human water, sodium, and calcium regulation during space flight and exercise |
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