Farmer exposure to organic solvents during the maintenance and repair of farm machinery: A pilot study
Background The maintenance/repair of farm machinery is a common farming activity. Dermal exposure to organic solvents has not been well documented. A pilot study was conducted to characterize exposure to organic solvents. Methods A survey questionnaire was administered to 31 Kentucky farmers in 2008...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of industrial medicine 2009-12, Vol.52 (12), p.973-981 |
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| container_title | American journal of industrial medicine |
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| creator | Bunn, Terry L. Liu, Youcheng Lee, Kiyoung Robertson, Medearis Yu, Lei |
| description | Background
The maintenance/repair of farm machinery is a common farming activity. Dermal exposure to organic solvents has not been well documented. A pilot study was conducted to characterize exposure to organic solvents.
Methods
A survey questionnaire was administered to 31 Kentucky farmers in 2008. Dermal exposure assessment was conducted in 10 farmers while farmers performed farm machinery maintenance/repair tasks using a solvent sampling patch. Benzene, toluene, xylene, and n‐hexane were analyzed.
Results
All four organic solvents were identified from the samples with toluene ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ajim.20773 |
| format | Article |
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The maintenance/repair of farm machinery is a common farming activity. Dermal exposure to organic solvents has not been well documented. A pilot study was conducted to characterize exposure to organic solvents.
Methods
A survey questionnaire was administered to 31 Kentucky farmers in 2008. Dermal exposure assessment was conducted in 10 farmers while farmers performed farm machinery maintenance/repair tasks using a solvent sampling patch. Benzene, toluene, xylene, and n‐hexane were analyzed.
Results
All four organic solvents were identified from the samples with toluene (<0.5–36,000 µg/patch) and xylene (15–5,700 µg/patch) at significantly higher levels. Twenty‐six farmers reported the use of personal protective equipment <50% of their time repairing/maintaining farm machinery on the questionnaire; only two farmers wore gloves during the exposure assessment.
Conclusions
Farmers routinely use solvent products for farm machinery maintenance/repair. Dermal exposure to organic solvents is a potential hazard. Further studies to characterize and evaluate exposure in larger samples of farmers are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:973–981, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0271-3586</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0274</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20773</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19882742</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJIMD8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agriculture ; Benzene - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; dermal exposure ; farm machinery maintenance and repair ; Female ; Gloves, Protective ; Hexanes - analysis ; Humans ; Kentucky ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure - analysis ; Occupational Exposure - prevention & control ; organic solvents ; personal protective equipment ; Pilot Projects ; Safety Management ; Skin - drug effects ; Solvents ; Solvents - analysis ; Toluene - analysis ; Toxicology ; Xylenes - analysis ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>American journal of industrial medicine, 2009-12, Vol.52 (12), p.973-981</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4283-a25b897d6aa5a8542ec5bfb8f38b623e9fed2d6742b885272d5d69870c329ab03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4283-a25b897d6aa5a8542ec5bfb8f38b623e9fed2d6742b885272d5d69870c329ab03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fajim.20773$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fajim.20773$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27923,27924,45573,45574</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22189460$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19882742$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bunn, Terry L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Youcheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Medearis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Lei</creatorcontrib><title>Farmer exposure to organic solvents during the maintenance and repair of farm machinery: A pilot study</title><title>American journal of industrial medicine</title><addtitle>Am. J. Ind. Med</addtitle><description>Background
The maintenance/repair of farm machinery is a common farming activity. Dermal exposure to organic solvents has not been well documented. A pilot study was conducted to characterize exposure to organic solvents.
Methods
A survey questionnaire was administered to 31 Kentucky farmers in 2008. Dermal exposure assessment was conducted in 10 farmers while farmers performed farm machinery maintenance/repair tasks using a solvent sampling patch. Benzene, toluene, xylene, and n‐hexane were analyzed.
Results
All four organic solvents were identified from the samples with toluene (<0.5–36,000 µg/patch) and xylene (15–5,700 µg/patch) at significantly higher levels. Twenty‐six farmers reported the use of personal protective equipment <50% of their time repairing/maintaining farm machinery on the questionnaire; only two farmers wore gloves during the exposure assessment.
Conclusions
Farmers routinely use solvent products for farm machinery maintenance/repair. Dermal exposure to organic solvents is a potential hazard. Further studies to characterize and evaluate exposure in larger samples of farmers are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:973–981, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Benzene - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>dermal exposure</subject><subject>farm machinery maintenance and repair</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gloves, Protective</subject><subject>Hexanes - analysis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kentucky</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - prevention & control</subject><subject>organic solvents</subject><subject>personal protective equipment</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Safety Management</subject><subject>Skin - drug effects</subject><subject>Solvents</subject><subject>Solvents - analysis</subject><subject>Toluene - analysis</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Xylenes - analysis</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0271-3586</issn><issn>1097-0274</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUlvFDEQhS1ERIbAhR-AfEFISB28tDduk4gJgSG5BHG03O5y4tBb7G7I_Ht6MkO4wakO9b1Xy0PoFSXHlBD23t3G9pgRpfgTtKDEqIIwVT5Fi7nQggstD9HznG8JobSU5TN0SI3WM8IWKKxcaiFhuB_6PCXAY4_7dO266HHum5_QjRnXU4rdNR5vALcudiN0rvOAXVfjBIOLCfcBh9lobvub2EHafMBLPMSmH3Eep3rzAh0E12R4ua9H6Nvq49Xpp2J9eXZ-ulwXvmSaF46JShtVS-eE06Jk4EUVKh24riTjYALUrJbz5pXWgilWi1oarYjnzLiK8CP0duc7pP5ugjzaNmYPTeM66KdsVSkkp1KZ_5OcK22I4DP5bkf61OecINghxdaljaXEbgOw2wDsQwAz_HpvO1Ut1H_R_cdn4M0ecNm7JqT5lTE_coxRbUq5vYTuuF-xgc0_Rtrl5_Ovf4YXO03MI9w_alz6YaXiStjvF2d2dXGyNl_W1J7w3ziErLs</recordid><startdate>200912</startdate><enddate>200912</enddate><creator>Bunn, Terry L.</creator><creator>Liu, Youcheng</creator><creator>Lee, Kiyoung</creator><creator>Robertson, Medearis</creator><creator>Yu, Lei</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</general><general>Wiley-Liss</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200912</creationdate><title>Farmer exposure to organic solvents during the maintenance and repair of farm machinery: A pilot study</title><author>Bunn, Terry L. ; Liu, Youcheng ; Lee, Kiyoung ; Robertson, Medearis ; Yu, Lei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4283-a25b897d6aa5a8542ec5bfb8f38b623e9fed2d6742b885272d5d69870c329ab03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Benzene - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>dermal exposure</topic><topic>farm machinery maintenance and repair</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gloves, Protective</topic><topic>Hexanes - analysis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kentucky</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - prevention & control</topic><topic>organic solvents</topic><topic>personal protective equipment</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Safety Management</topic><topic>Skin - drug effects</topic><topic>Solvents</topic><topic>Solvents - analysis</topic><topic>Toluene - analysis</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Xylenes - analysis</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bunn, Terry L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Youcheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kiyoung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Medearis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Lei</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>American journal of industrial medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bunn, Terry L.</au><au>Liu, Youcheng</au><au>Lee, Kiyoung</au><au>Robertson, Medearis</au><au>Yu, Lei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Farmer exposure to organic solvents during the maintenance and repair of farm machinery: A pilot study</atitle><jtitle>American journal of industrial medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Am. J. Ind. Med</addtitle><date>2009-12</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>973</spage><epage>981</epage><pages>973-981</pages><issn>0271-3586</issn><eissn>1097-0274</eissn><coden>AJIMD8</coden><abstract>Background
The maintenance/repair of farm machinery is a common farming activity. Dermal exposure to organic solvents has not been well documented. A pilot study was conducted to characterize exposure to organic solvents.
Methods
A survey questionnaire was administered to 31 Kentucky farmers in 2008. Dermal exposure assessment was conducted in 10 farmers while farmers performed farm machinery maintenance/repair tasks using a solvent sampling patch. Benzene, toluene, xylene, and n‐hexane were analyzed.
Results
All four organic solvents were identified from the samples with toluene (<0.5–36,000 µg/patch) and xylene (15–5,700 µg/patch) at significantly higher levels. Twenty‐six farmers reported the use of personal protective equipment <50% of their time repairing/maintaining farm machinery on the questionnaire; only two farmers wore gloves during the exposure assessment.
Conclusions
Farmers routinely use solvent products for farm machinery maintenance/repair. Dermal exposure to organic solvents is a potential hazard. Further studies to characterize and evaluate exposure in larger samples of farmers are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:973–981, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</pub><pmid>19882742</pmid><doi>10.1002/ajim.20773</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Agriculture Benzene - analysis Biological and medical sciences Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases dermal exposure farm machinery maintenance and repair Female Gloves, Protective Hexanes - analysis Humans Kentucky Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Occupational Exposure - analysis Occupational Exposure - prevention & control organic solvents personal protective equipment Pilot Projects Safety Management Skin - drug effects Solvents Solvents - analysis Toluene - analysis Toxicology Xylenes - analysis Young Adult |
| title | Farmer exposure to organic solvents during the maintenance and repair of farm machinery: A pilot study |
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