The quasar relation through cosmic time – II. Evidence for evolution from z = 3 to the present age

We study the dependence of the relation on the redshift up to z= 3 for a sample of 96 quasars, the host galaxy luminosities of which are known. Black hole masses were estimated assuming virial equilibrium in the broad-line regions, while the host galaxy masses were inferred from their luminosities. With these data, we are able to pin down the redshift dependence of the relation along 85 per cent of the Universe age. We show that, in the sampled redshift range, the relation remains nearly unchanged. Once we take into account the ageing of the stellar population, we find that the / ratio (Γ) increases by a factor of ∼7 from z= 0 to z= 3. We show that Γ evolves with z regardless of the radio loudness and of the quasar luminosity. We propose that the most massive black holes, living their quasar phase at high redshift, become extremely rare objects in host galaxies of similar mass in the Local Universe.