Risk factors for childhood overweight: shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: results from a cross-sectional study
Background: The worldwide increasing prevalence of childhood overweight seems to be due to an increasing proportion of extremely high body mass index (BMI) values rather than to a shift of the entire BMI distribution. These findings might be attributed to incremental exposure to risk factors particu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Obesity 2010-04, Vol.34 (4), p.642-648 |
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| description | Background: The worldwide increasing prevalence of childhood overweight seems to be due to an increasing proportion of extremely high body mass index (BMI) values rather than to a shift of the entire BMI distribution. These findings might be attributed to incremental exposure to risk factors particularly affecting overweight children. Objective: To assess the possible differences in associations of several risk factors by subgroups of children's BMI distribution. Methods: We applied quantile regression to cross-sectional data on 9698 German preschoolers (5–6 years) collected in 1999 and 2002. Sex- and age-specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDSs) were used as the outcome variable, and maternal BMI, maternal smoking during pregnancy, exclusive formula feeding, child's weight gain from birth to 2 years of life and low parental education as explanatory variables. Results: All risk factors except formula feeding contributed to a positive shift in mean BMI-SDS. The estimated effects of all risk factors on BMI-SDS were greatest for children with the highest BMI-SDS value. For example, high television (TV) viewing (>2 h day−1) had an effect of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.46) SDS units on overweight children (90th percentile), but only a 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.33) SDS effect on normal-weight children (50th percentile). Conclusions: For well-known risk factors of childhood overweight, stronger associations in children with higher BMI values were observed These findings might possibly help to explain the secular shift in the upper BMI percentiles in children. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ijo.2009.301 |
| format | Article |
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These findings might be attributed to incremental exposure to risk factors particularly affecting overweight children. Objective: To assess the possible differences in associations of several risk factors by subgroups of children's BMI distribution. Methods: We applied quantile regression to cross-sectional data on 9698 German preschoolers (5–6 years) collected in 1999 and 2002. Sex- and age-specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDSs) were used as the outcome variable, and maternal BMI, maternal smoking during pregnancy, exclusive formula feeding, child's weight gain from birth to 2 years of life and low parental education as explanatory variables. Results: All risk factors except formula feeding contributed to a positive shift in mean BMI-SDS. The estimated effects of all risk factors on BMI-SDS were greatest for children with the highest BMI-SDS value. For example, high television (TV) viewing (>2 h day−1) had an effect of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.46) SDS units on overweight children (90th percentile), but only a 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.33) SDS effect on normal-weight children (50th percentile). Conclusions: For well-known risk factors of childhood overweight, stronger associations in children with higher BMI values were observed These findings might possibly help to explain the secular shift in the upper BMI percentiles in children.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0307-0565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2009.301</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20084072</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJOBDP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/499 ; 692/699/1702/393 ; 692/700/1720 ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Composition - physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; child nutrition ; Child, Preschool ; children ; Confounding (Statistics) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Development and progression ; Education ; Educational Status ; Epidemiology ; Female ; General aspects ; Germany - epidemiology ; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ; human diseases ; Humans ; infant feeding ; Infant Formula - administration & dosage ; infant formulas ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; maternal nutrition ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; mothers ; Obesity ; Obesity in children ; Overweight ; Overweight - diagnosis ; Overweight - epidemiology ; Overweight - etiology ; Parents ; pediatric-highlight ; Pediatrics ; Pregnancy ; preschool children ; Prevalence ; Prevention ; Public Health ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Questionnaires ; recreation ; Regression analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; smoking (habit) ; Standard deviation ; Statistics ; Television ; Variables ; Weight Gain - physiology</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Obesity, 2010-04, Vol.34 (4), p.642-648</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-4794cf2c56aef06b4ae00923762548b90f587350b6dfa8e2a700bd98afd05feb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c577t-4794cf2c56aef06b4ae00923762548b90f587350b6dfa8e2a700bd98afd05feb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/ijo.2009.301$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/ijo.2009.301$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22575643$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20084072$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Beyerlein, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toschke, A.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kries, R. von</creatorcontrib><title>Risk factors for childhood overweight: shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: results from a cross-sectional study</title><title>International Journal of Obesity</title><addtitle>Int J Obes</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><description>Background: The worldwide increasing prevalence of childhood overweight seems to be due to an increasing proportion of extremely high body mass index (BMI) values rather than to a shift of the entire BMI distribution. These findings might be attributed to incremental exposure to risk factors particularly affecting overweight children. Objective: To assess the possible differences in associations of several risk factors by subgroups of children's BMI distribution. Methods: We applied quantile regression to cross-sectional data on 9698 German preschoolers (5–6 years) collected in 1999 and 2002. Sex- and age-specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDSs) were used as the outcome variable, and maternal BMI, maternal smoking during pregnancy, exclusive formula feeding, child's weight gain from birth to 2 years of life and low parental education as explanatory variables. Results: All risk factors except formula feeding contributed to a positive shift in mean BMI-SDS. The estimated effects of all risk factors on BMI-SDS were greatest for children with the highest BMI-SDS value. For example, high television (TV) viewing (>2 h day−1) had an effect of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.46) SDS units on overweight children (90th percentile), but only a 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.33) SDS effect on normal-weight children (50th percentile). Conclusions: For well-known risk factors of childhood overweight, stronger associations in children with higher BMI values were observed These findings might possibly help to explain the secular shift in the upper BMI percentiles in children.</description><subject>692/499</subject><subject>692/699/1702/393</subject><subject>692/700/1720</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>child nutrition</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>children</subject><subject>Confounding (Statistics)</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Germany - epidemiology</subject><subject>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</subject><subject>human diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>infant feeding</subject><subject>Infant Formula - administration & dosage</subject><subject>infant formulas</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>maternal nutrition</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>mothers</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity in children</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Overweight - diagnosis</subject><subject>Overweight - epidemiology</subject><subject>Overweight - etiology</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>pediatric-highlight</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>preschool children</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Public health. 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Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>recreation</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>smoking (habit)</topic><topic>Standard deviation</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Television</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Weight Gain - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Beyerlein, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toschke, A.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kries, R. von</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Beyerlein, A</au><au>Toschke, A.M</au><au>Kries, R. von</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk factors for childhood overweight: shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: results from a cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle><stitle>Int J Obes</stitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>642</spage><epage>648</epage><pages>642-648</pages><issn>0307-0565</issn><eissn>1476-5497</eissn><coden>IJOBDP</coden><abstract>Background: The worldwide increasing prevalence of childhood overweight seems to be due to an increasing proportion of extremely high body mass index (BMI) values rather than to a shift of the entire BMI distribution. These findings might be attributed to incremental exposure to risk factors particularly affecting overweight children. Objective: To assess the possible differences in associations of several risk factors by subgroups of children's BMI distribution. Methods: We applied quantile regression to cross-sectional data on 9698 German preschoolers (5–6 years) collected in 1999 and 2002. Sex- and age-specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDSs) were used as the outcome variable, and maternal BMI, maternal smoking during pregnancy, exclusive formula feeding, child's weight gain from birth to 2 years of life and low parental education as explanatory variables. Results: All risk factors except formula feeding contributed to a positive shift in mean BMI-SDS. The estimated effects of all risk factors on BMI-SDS were greatest for children with the highest BMI-SDS value. For example, high television (TV) viewing (>2 h day−1) had an effect of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.46) SDS units on overweight children (90th percentile), but only a 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.33) SDS effect on normal-weight children (50th percentile). Conclusions: For well-known risk factors of childhood overweight, stronger associations in children with higher BMI values were observed These findings might possibly help to explain the secular shift in the upper BMI percentiles in children.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>20084072</pmid><doi>10.1038/ijo.2009.301</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 692/499 692/699/1702/393 692/700/1720 Biological and medical sciences Body Composition - physiology Body Mass Index Child child nutrition Child, Preschool children Confounding (Statistics) Cross-Sectional Studies Development and progression Education Educational Status Epidemiology Female General aspects Germany - epidemiology Health Promotion and Disease Prevention human diseases Humans infant feeding Infant Formula - administration & dosage infant formulas Internal Medicine Male maternal nutrition Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases mothers Obesity Obesity in children Overweight Overweight - diagnosis Overweight - epidemiology Overweight - etiology Parents pediatric-highlight Pediatrics Pregnancy preschool children Prevalence Prevention Public Health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Questionnaires recreation Regression analysis Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking smoking (habit) Standard deviation Statistics Television Variables Weight Gain - physiology |
| title | Risk factors for childhood overweight: shift of the mean body mass index and shift of the upper percentiles: results from a cross-sectional study |
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