Tailings Mineralogy and Geochemistry at the Abandoned Haveri Au–Cu Mine, SW Finland
Fourteen samples from the Haveri Au–Cu mine tailings were studied by reflected-light microcopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder-diffraction, and sequential extraction methods, and 12 water samples were analyzed for total and dissolved elements to delineate the extent of sulfide oxidation...
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| description | Fourteen samples from the Haveri Au–Cu mine tailings were studied by reflected-light microcopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder-diffraction, and sequential extraction methods, and 12 water samples were analyzed for total and dissolved elements to delineate the extent of sulfide oxidation and its impact on nearby surface waters. Water-soluble, adsorbed-exchangeable-carbonate (AEC), Fe (oxy)hydroxides, Fe oxide, and Fe sulfide fractions were extracted sequentially. The oxidation layer was found to vary from 50 to 140 cm: the upper part was nearly depleted in primary sulfides, especially pyrrhotite [Fe
(1−x)
S] and pyrite (FeS
2
); in the lower part, discontinuous cemented layers were detected. Secondary Fe (oxy)hydroxides and Fe oxyhydroxysulfates were abundant in the oxidation layer and were slightly enriched in trace elements, including As (up to 80 mg/kg), Cu (300 mg/kg), and Zn (150 mg/kg). Almost half of the As (average 25 mg/kg) were present as secondary minerals susceptible to redissolution. The pH of the vadose tailings varied from 2.46 to neutral, and the total sulfur content varied from 1 to 6.5% (average 2.9%).
Aqua regia
extraction showed that the Haveri tailings are characterized by low concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Pd, and slightly elevated concentrations of As, which are present at very low concentrations in the surface water ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10230-009-0088-2 |
| format | Article |
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(1−x)
S] and pyrite (FeS
2
); in the lower part, discontinuous cemented layers were detected. Secondary Fe (oxy)hydroxides and Fe oxyhydroxysulfates were abundant in the oxidation layer and were slightly enriched in trace elements, including As (up to 80 mg/kg), Cu (300 mg/kg), and Zn (150 mg/kg). Almost half of the As (average 25 mg/kg) were present as secondary minerals susceptible to redissolution. The pH of the vadose tailings varied from 2.46 to neutral, and the total sulfur content varied from 1 to 6.5% (average 2.9%).
Aqua regia
extraction showed that the Haveri tailings are characterized by low concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Pd, and slightly elevated concentrations of As, which are present at very low concentrations in the surface water (<6 μg/L). However, runoff that flows on top of the tailings and discharges into the nearby lake carries Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn (concentrations of each range from 500 to 1,800 μg/L). Additionally, dissolution of sulfides and Fe precipitates may mobilize trace metals in the ground water. Thus, overall, there is a small continuous release of AMD into Lake Kirkkojärvi, but the environmental impacts to the lake are presently small.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1025-9112</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1616-1068</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10230-009-0088-2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Analytical chemistry ; Cadmium ; Carbonates ; Chromium ; Copper ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Ecotoxicology ; Electron microscopy ; Environmental impact ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Gold ; Groundwater ; Hydrogeology ; Hydroxides ; Industrial Pollution Prevention ; Iron ; Iron sulfides ; Lakes ; Low concentrations ; Mine tailings ; Mine wastes ; Mineral Resources ; Mineralogy ; Mining ; Oxidation ; Precipitates ; Pyrite ; Pyrrhotite ; Runoff ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Scientific imaging ; Sulfides ; Sulfur ; Sulfur content ; Sulphides ; Sulphur ; Surface water ; Tailings ; Technical Article ; Trace elements ; Trace metals ; Water analysis ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Water sampling ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Mine water and the environment, 2009-12, Vol.28 (4), p.291-304, Article 291</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2009</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2009.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-1da8e3f35b4add26ab8cd366fd34f99270acdee03c669681e6eba989d2c7cb223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-1da8e3f35b4add26ab8cd366fd34f99270acdee03c669681e6eba989d2c7cb223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10230-009-0088-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10230-009-0088-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Parviainen, Annika</creatorcontrib><title>Tailings Mineralogy and Geochemistry at the Abandoned Haveri Au–Cu Mine, SW Finland</title><title>Mine water and the environment</title><addtitle>Mine Water Environ</addtitle><description>Fourteen samples from the Haveri Au–Cu mine tailings were studied by reflected-light microcopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder-diffraction, and sequential extraction methods, and 12 water samples were analyzed for total and dissolved elements to delineate the extent of sulfide oxidation and its impact on nearby surface waters. Water-soluble, adsorbed-exchangeable-carbonate (AEC), Fe (oxy)hydroxides, Fe oxide, and Fe sulfide fractions were extracted sequentially. The oxidation layer was found to vary from 50 to 140 cm: the upper part was nearly depleted in primary sulfides, especially pyrrhotite [Fe
(1−x)
S] and pyrite (FeS
2
); in the lower part, discontinuous cemented layers were detected. Secondary Fe (oxy)hydroxides and Fe oxyhydroxysulfates were abundant in the oxidation layer and were slightly enriched in trace elements, including As (up to 80 mg/kg), Cu (300 mg/kg), and Zn (150 mg/kg). Almost half of the As (average 25 mg/kg) were present as secondary minerals susceptible to redissolution. The pH of the vadose tailings varied from 2.46 to neutral, and the total sulfur content varied from 1 to 6.5% (average 2.9%).
Aqua regia
extraction showed that the Haveri tailings are characterized by low concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Pd, and slightly elevated concentrations of As, which are present at very low concentrations in the surface water (<6 μg/L). However, runoff that flows on top of the tailings and discharges into the nearby lake carries Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn (concentrations of each range from 500 to 1,800 μg/L). Additionally, dissolution of sulfides and Fe precipitates may mobilize trace metals in the ground water. Thus, overall, there is a small continuous release of AMD into Lake Kirkkojärvi, but the environmental impacts to the lake are presently small.</description><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Gold</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Hydroxides</subject><subject>Industrial Pollution Prevention</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron sulfides</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Mine tailings</subject><subject>Mine wastes</subject><subject>Mineral Resources</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Mining</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Precipitates</subject><subject>Pyrite</subject><subject>Pyrrhotite</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Sulfides</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfur content</subject><subject>Sulphides</subject><subject>Sulphur</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Tailings</subject><subject>Technical Article</subject><subject>Trace elements</subject><subject>Trace metals</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><subject>Water 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Annika</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a415t-1da8e3f35b4add26ab8cd366fd34f99270acdee03c669681e6eba989d2c7cb223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Cadmium</topic><topic>Carbonates</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Gold</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Hydroxides</topic><topic>Industrial Pollution Prevention</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron sulfides</topic><topic>Lakes</topic><topic>Low concentrations</topic><topic>Mine tailings</topic><topic>Mine wastes</topic><topic>Mineral Resources</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Mining</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Precipitates</topic><topic>Pyrite</topic><topic>Pyrrhotite</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Sulfides</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Sulfur content</topic><topic>Sulphides</topic><topic>Sulphur</topic><topic>Surface water</topic><topic>Tailings</topic><topic>Technical Article</topic><topic>Trace elements</topic><topic>Trace metals</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water Quality/Water Pollution</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Parviainen, Annika</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest 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environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Parviainen, Annika</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tailings Mineralogy and Geochemistry at the Abandoned Haveri Au–Cu Mine, SW Finland</atitle><jtitle>Mine water and the environment</jtitle><stitle>Mine Water Environ</stitle><date>2009-12-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>291</spage><epage>304</epage><pages>291-304</pages><artnum>291</artnum><issn>1025-9112</issn><eissn>1616-1068</eissn><abstract>Fourteen samples from the Haveri Au–Cu mine tailings were studied by reflected-light microcopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder-diffraction, and sequential extraction methods, and 12 water samples were analyzed for total and dissolved elements to delineate the extent of sulfide oxidation and its impact on nearby surface waters. Water-soluble, adsorbed-exchangeable-carbonate (AEC), Fe (oxy)hydroxides, Fe oxide, and Fe sulfide fractions were extracted sequentially. The oxidation layer was found to vary from 50 to 140 cm: the upper part was nearly depleted in primary sulfides, especially pyrrhotite [Fe
(1−x)
S] and pyrite (FeS
2
); in the lower part, discontinuous cemented layers were detected. Secondary Fe (oxy)hydroxides and Fe oxyhydroxysulfates were abundant in the oxidation layer and were slightly enriched in trace elements, including As (up to 80 mg/kg), Cu (300 mg/kg), and Zn (150 mg/kg). Almost half of the As (average 25 mg/kg) were present as secondary minerals susceptible to redissolution. The pH of the vadose tailings varied from 2.46 to neutral, and the total sulfur content varied from 1 to 6.5% (average 2.9%).
Aqua regia
extraction showed that the Haveri tailings are characterized by low concentrations of the elements Cd, Cr, Pd, and slightly elevated concentrations of As, which are present at very low concentrations in the surface water (<6 μg/L). However, runoff that flows on top of the tailings and discharges into the nearby lake carries Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn (concentrations of each range from 500 to 1,800 μg/L). Additionally, dissolution of sulfides and Fe precipitates may mobilize trace metals in the ground water. Thus, overall, there is a small continuous release of AMD into Lake Kirkkojärvi, but the environmental impacts to the lake are presently small.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s10230-009-0088-2</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Mine water and the environment, 2009-12, Vol.28 (4), p.291-304, Article 291 |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Analytical chemistry Cadmium Carbonates Chromium Copper Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Ecotoxicology Electron microscopy Environmental impact Geochemistry Geology Gold Groundwater Hydrogeology Hydroxides Industrial Pollution Prevention Iron Iron sulfides Lakes Low concentrations Mine tailings Mine wastes Mineral Resources Mineralogy Mining Oxidation Precipitates Pyrite Pyrrhotite Runoff Scanning electron microscopy Scientific imaging Sulfides Sulfur Sulfur content Sulphides Sulphur Surface water Tailings Technical Article Trace elements Trace metals Water analysis Water Quality/Water Pollution Water sampling Zinc |
| title | Tailings Mineralogy and Geochemistry at the Abandoned Haveri Au–Cu Mine, SW Finland |
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