On the Weakening Relationship Between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO
Analysis of the 140-year historical record suggests that the inverse relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (weak monsoon arising from warm ENSO event) has broken down in recent decades. Two possible reasons emerge from the analyses. A southeastwar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 1999-06, Vol.284 (5423), p.2156-2159 |
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| creator | Kumar, K. Krishna Rajagopalan, Balaji Cane, Mark A. |
| description | Analysis of the 140-year historical record suggests that the inverse relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (weak monsoon arising from warm ENSO event) has broken down in recent decades. Two possible reasons emerge from the analyses. A southeastward shift in the Walker circulation anomalies associated with ENSO events may lead to a reduced subsidence over the Indian region, thus favoring normal monsoon conditions. Additionally, increased surface temperatures over Eurasia in winter and spring, which are a part of the midlatitude continental warming trend, may favor the enhanced land-ocean thermal gradient conducive to a strong monsoon. These observations raise the possibility that the Eurasian warming in recent decades helps to sustain the monsoon rainfall at a normal level despite strong ENSO events. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.284.5423.2156 |
| format | Article |
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Krishna ; Rajagopalan, Balaji ; Cane, Mark A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kumar, K. Krishna ; Rajagopalan, Balaji ; Cane, Mark A.</creatorcontrib><description>Analysis of the 140-year historical record suggests that the inverse relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (weak monsoon arising from warm ENSO event) has broken down in recent decades. Two possible reasons emerge from the analyses. A southeastward shift in the Walker circulation anomalies associated with ENSO events may lead to a reduced subsidence over the Indian region, thus favoring normal monsoon conditions. Additionally, increased surface temperatures over Eurasia in winter and spring, which are a part of the midlatitude continental warming trend, may favor the enhanced land-ocean thermal gradient conducive to a strong monsoon. These observations raise the possibility that the Eurasian warming in recent decades helps to sustain the monsoon rainfall at a normal level despite strong ENSO events.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5423.2156</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10381876</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCIEAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Society for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Climate ; Climate models ; Climatology. Bioclimatology. 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Krishna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajagopalan, Balaji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cane, Mark A.</creatorcontrib><title>On the Weakening Relationship Between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>Analysis of the 140-year historical record suggests that the inverse relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (weak monsoon arising from warm ENSO event) has broken down in recent decades. Two possible reasons emerge from the analyses. A southeastward shift in the Walker circulation anomalies associated with ENSO events may lead to a reduced subsidence over the Indian region, thus favoring normal monsoon conditions. Additionally, increased surface temperatures over Eurasia in winter and spring, which are a part of the midlatitude continental warming trend, may favor the enhanced land-ocean thermal gradient conducive to a strong monsoon. These observations raise the possibility that the Eurasian warming in recent decades helps to sustain the monsoon rainfall at a normal level despite strong ENSO events.</description><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change</subject><subject>Correlations</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>El Niño</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainy seasons</subject><subject>Southern oscillation</subject><subject>Subsidence</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Tropical regions</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN011v0zAUBuAIgVgZ_ANAEUKwC1L8Ecf2ZVeNUqmsEuPj0nKc485d6pQ4FfDvcdSKbagqVRRFynl85Jz4TZIXGA0xJsX7YBx4A0Mi8iHLCR0SzIoHyQAjyTJJEH2YDBCiRSYQZyfJkxCWCMWapI-TE4yowIIXg2Q092l3Del30DfgnV-kn6HWnWt8uHbr9By6nwBbMvWV0z79FEtN41Ptq_Ti8mr-NHlkdR3g2e55mnz9cPFl_DGbzSfT8WiWaYlQlxWWY05KA7LSzFpUVRUhWOKyJGVZcMGwMYTJHOcFN3klpKVcgxVIagJlZelp8nbbd902PzYQOrVywUBdaw_NJiieU46xzGmUbw5KgqmUAuEIzw5CLOK4kES5-G9PHDca7yMgJ5LIgkf46h-4bDatjyPsN8iYiCO5RQtdg3LeNl2rTd9RjRjDnDHef--7PWgBHlpdNx6si6_v8mwPj1cFK2f2-bN7PpIOfnULvQlBTa8uj6bzb0fT88mxVExmB0axo6apa1iAigdyPL_H2ZabtgmhBavWrVvp9rfCSPUxU7uYqRgz1cdM9TGL617u_t2mXEF1Z9U2VxG83gEdjK5tq71x4daJeFwEi-z5li1D17R_y0RIkRNC_wD50DIa</recordid><startdate>19990625</startdate><enddate>19990625</enddate><creator>Kumar, K. 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A southeastward shift in the Walker circulation anomalies associated with ENSO events may lead to a reduced subsidence over the Indian region, thus favoring normal monsoon conditions. Additionally, increased surface temperatures over Eurasia in winter and spring, which are a part of the midlatitude continental warming trend, may favor the enhanced land-ocean thermal gradient conducive to a strong monsoon. These observations raise the possibility that the Eurasian warming in recent decades helps to sustain the monsoon rainfall at a normal level despite strong ENSO events.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Society for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>10381876</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.284.5423.2156</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 1999-06, Vol.284 (5423), p.2156-2159 |
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| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743711943 |
| source | Science Magazine; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Climate Climate models Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Correlations Earth, ocean, space El Nino El Niño Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Global warming History Marine Meteorology Monsoons Rain Rainy seasons Southern oscillation Subsidence Surface temperature Tropical regions |
| title | On the Weakening Relationship Between the Indian Monsoon and ENSO |
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