Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis at High Concentrations
Optical approaches for observing the dynamics of single molecules have required pico- to nanomolar concentrations of fluorophore in order to isolate individual molecules. However, many biologically relevant processes occur at micromolar ligand concentrations, necessitating a reduction in the convent...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2003-01, Vol.299 (5607), p.682-686 |
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| container_title | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
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| creator | Levene, M. J. Korlach, J. Turner, S. W. Foquet, M. Craighead, H. G. Webb, W. W. |
| description | Optical approaches for observing the dynamics of single molecules have required pico- to nanomolar concentrations of fluorophore in order to isolate individual molecules. However, many biologically relevant processes occur at micromolar ligand concentrations, necessitating a reduction in the conventional observation volume by three orders of magnitude. We show that arrays of zero-mode waveguides consisting of subwavelength holes in a metal film provide a simple and highly parallel means for studying single-molecule dynamics at micromolar concentrations with microsecond temporal resolution. We present observations of DNA polymerase activity as an example of the effectiveness of zero-mode waveguides for performing single-molecule experiments at high concentrations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1079700 |
| format | Article |
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| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-01, Vol.299 (5607), p.682-686 |
| issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; Science Magazine |
| subjects | Biochemistry Biochemistry - instrumentation Biochemistry - methods Chemistry Computer Simulation Coumarins Deoxycytosine Nucleotides - metabolism Deoxyribonucleic acid Diffusion DNA DNA - biosynthesis DNA polymerases DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase - metabolism Dyes Enzymes Enzymes, Immobilized - metabolism Exact sciences and technology Finite Element Analysis Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes General and physical chemistry Kinetics Ligands Light Metal films Methods Molecular biology Molecular microbiology Molecular spectroscopy Molecules Nanotechnology - instrumentation Observation Optics and Photonics Spectrometry, Fluorescence - instrumentation Spectrometry, Fluorescence - methods Theory of reactions, general kinetics Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry Waveguides Wavelengths |
| title | Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis at High Concentrations |
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