THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a facility for trading 'certified emission reductions (CERs) between developing and developed countries, thus saving non-renewable carbon emissions by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and/or carbon sequestration projects in LDC's. The p...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Environment, development and sustainability development and sustainability, 2004-01, Vol.6 (1-2), p.183-211 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 211 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1-2 |
| container_start_page | 183 |
| container_title | Environment, development and sustainability |
| container_volume | 6 |
| creator | Mendis, Matthew Openshaw, Keith |
| description | The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a facility for trading 'certified emission reductions (CERs) between developing and developed countries, thus saving non-renewable carbon emissions by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and/or carbon sequestration projects in LDC's. The purpose of the CDM is to help these latter countries meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol while at the same time promoting "sustainable" development in the former countries, thereby reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper examines the progress in achieving a workable CDM in time for the first commitment period (2008-2012), and the kinds of initiatives that can be pursued in the agricultural, land-use and forestry sector in tropical countries. The critical element for the success of the CDM is the participation of a broad cross-section of buyers (ultimately from developed countries) and sellers (from developing countries) of CERs. Trading is the final step, which starts with project formulation, through successful implementation and then certification. This paper lays out a market-based framework for promoting CDM transactions between private sector project developers and traders and public sector policy makers, with regulators, governed by CDM rules, overseeing the smooth running of the CDM. However, as there are numerous players; it is proposed that trial CDM projects be demonstrated with the support of National/International bodies to iron out the problems and come up with practical solutions so that carbon trading can become a reality. Most rules for the CDM were clarified at the 7th Conference of Parties (CP) in October/November of 2001 in Marrakesh. An executive Board (EB) was appointed and this EB is in charge of proposing workable ground rules to promote the CDM. These have to be submitted for approval by the 8th CP in late 2002. Three broad kinds of projects qualify for the CDM, these are: renewable energy projects that will be alternatives to fossil fuel projects; sequestration projects that offset GHG emissions; and energy efficient projects that will decrease the emissions of GHG. It is possible to have a combination of these initiatives. A fourth type covering GHG reduction is omitted. As elaborated in the text, in order to qualify for the CDM, the proposed projects may have to have additional costs when compared to the alternative(s). Two time frames have been agreed for CDM projects to qualify for the first commitment period, na |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1023/B:ENVI.0000003637.28190.ca |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743498890</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>16173318</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-403b89059331e6b80d14ed63f19e4f71b86c4b673ae9bbdb5a69ffbf9d10fd0d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1PwkAQhhujiYj-h4aDnlp3d_aTmyIKCcgFjbfNbrvVYmlrt5j47y1gYuJB5jJzePLOZJ4gGGAUY0Tg-nY4fnyexmhXwEHERGKF4sQcBT3MBERECXbczSBFxCR7OQ3OvF8hRJAivBfw5WQcjgpnyvDOfbqiqteubMO5S95Mmfv1MJyb97x8DfM2XNSuMW1elaY4D04yU3h38dP7wdP9eDmaRLPFw3R0M4sSILKNKAIrFWIKADtuJUoxdSmHDCtHM4Gt5Am1XIBxytrUMsNVltlMpRhlKUqhH1ztc-um-tg43-p17hNXFKZ01cZrQYEq2a3oyMt_SRCKEYHUQRBzLLpz5WGQcgmEQgcO_oCratN0X_KaYMURI3SbNtxDSVN537hM102-Ns2XxkhvXepbvXWpf13qnUudGPgGZNyRJA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>219605248</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational</title><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Mendis, Matthew ; Openshaw, Keith</creator><creatorcontrib>Mendis, Matthew ; Openshaw, Keith</creatorcontrib><description>The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a facility for trading 'certified emission reductions (CERs) between developing and developed countries, thus saving non-renewable carbon emissions by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and/or carbon sequestration projects in LDC's. The purpose of the CDM is to help these latter countries meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol while at the same time promoting "sustainable" development in the former countries, thereby reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper examines the progress in achieving a workable CDM in time for the first commitment period (2008-2012), and the kinds of initiatives that can be pursued in the agricultural, land-use and forestry sector in tropical countries. The critical element for the success of the CDM is the participation of a broad cross-section of buyers (ultimately from developed countries) and sellers (from developing countries) of CERs. Trading is the final step, which starts with project formulation, through successful implementation and then certification. This paper lays out a market-based framework for promoting CDM transactions between private sector project developers and traders and public sector policy makers, with regulators, governed by CDM rules, overseeing the smooth running of the CDM. However, as there are numerous players; it is proposed that trial CDM projects be demonstrated with the support of National/International bodies to iron out the problems and come up with practical solutions so that carbon trading can become a reality. Most rules for the CDM were clarified at the 7th Conference of Parties (CP) in October/November of 2001 in Marrakesh. An executive Board (EB) was appointed and this EB is in charge of proposing workable ground rules to promote the CDM. These have to be submitted for approval by the 8th CP in late 2002. Three broad kinds of projects qualify for the CDM, these are: renewable energy projects that will be alternatives to fossil fuel projects; sequestration projects that offset GHG emissions; and energy efficient projects that will decrease the emissions of GHG. It is possible to have a combination of these initiatives. A fourth type covering GHG reduction is omitted. As elaborated in the text, in order to qualify for the CDM, the proposed projects may have to have additional costs when compared to the alternative(s). Two time frames have been agreed for CDM projects to qualify for the first commitment period, namely 7 years (with an option of two 7-year renewals) and 10 years. Also, for land-use, land-use change and forestry projects only afforestation/reforestation initiatives are recognized as being permissible for the first commitment period. These rules seem rather shortsighted, as forestry and/or renewable energy projects usually require more than 21 years to be fully effective. Also, the major cause of deforestation is clearing land for agriculture, not harvesting wood. Therefore, improving agricultural productivity may be the best way to reduce deforestation and its subsequent release of GHGs. These conditionalities should be re-examined when rules for the second commitment period are decided. However, various agricultural and land-use projects are discussed under the existing guidelines which could qualify as CDM projects in the first period. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><identifier>ISSN: 1387-585X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2975</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1023/B:ENVI.0000003637.28190.ca</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Nature B.V</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Carbon ; Carbon sequestration ; Clean Development Mechanism ; Climate change ; Deforestation ; Developed countries ; Developing countries ; Emission standards ; Emissions ; Emissions control ; Emissions trading ; Energy efficiency ; Environment ; Farm buildings ; Forestry ; Fossil fuels ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Harvesting ; Industrialized nations ; International ; International markets ; Kyoto Protocol ; Land use ; LDCs ; Private sector ; Public sector ; Reforestation ; Renewable energy ; Renewable resources ; Sustainable development ; Tropical zones</subject><ispartof>Environment, development and sustainability, 2004-01, Vol.6 (1-2), p.183-211</ispartof><rights>Copyright (c) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-403b89059331e6b80d14ed63f19e4f71b86c4b673ae9bbdb5a69ffbf9d10fd0d3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,4010,27904,27905,27906</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mendis, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Openshaw, Keith</creatorcontrib><title>THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational</title><title>Environment, development and sustainability</title><description>The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a facility for trading 'certified emission reductions (CERs) between developing and developed countries, thus saving non-renewable carbon emissions by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and/or carbon sequestration projects in LDC's. The purpose of the CDM is to help these latter countries meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol while at the same time promoting "sustainable" development in the former countries, thereby reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper examines the progress in achieving a workable CDM in time for the first commitment period (2008-2012), and the kinds of initiatives that can be pursued in the agricultural, land-use and forestry sector in tropical countries. The critical element for the success of the CDM is the participation of a broad cross-section of buyers (ultimately from developed countries) and sellers (from developing countries) of CERs. Trading is the final step, which starts with project formulation, through successful implementation and then certification. This paper lays out a market-based framework for promoting CDM transactions between private sector project developers and traders and public sector policy makers, with regulators, governed by CDM rules, overseeing the smooth running of the CDM. However, as there are numerous players; it is proposed that trial CDM projects be demonstrated with the support of National/International bodies to iron out the problems and come up with practical solutions so that carbon trading can become a reality. Most rules for the CDM were clarified at the 7th Conference of Parties (CP) in October/November of 2001 in Marrakesh. An executive Board (EB) was appointed and this EB is in charge of proposing workable ground rules to promote the CDM. These have to be submitted for approval by the 8th CP in late 2002. Three broad kinds of projects qualify for the CDM, these are: renewable energy projects that will be alternatives to fossil fuel projects; sequestration projects that offset GHG emissions; and energy efficient projects that will decrease the emissions of GHG. It is possible to have a combination of these initiatives. A fourth type covering GHG reduction is omitted. As elaborated in the text, in order to qualify for the CDM, the proposed projects may have to have additional costs when compared to the alternative(s). Two time frames have been agreed for CDM projects to qualify for the first commitment period, namely 7 years (with an option of two 7-year renewals) and 10 years. Also, for land-use, land-use change and forestry projects only afforestation/reforestation initiatives are recognized as being permissible for the first commitment period. These rules seem rather shortsighted, as forestry and/or renewable energy projects usually require more than 21 years to be fully effective. Also, the major cause of deforestation is clearing land for agriculture, not harvesting wood. Therefore, improving agricultural productivity may be the best way to reduce deforestation and its subsequent release of GHGs. These conditionalities should be re-examined when rules for the second commitment period are decided. However, various agricultural and land-use projects are discussed under the existing guidelines which could qualify as CDM projects in the first period. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon sequestration</subject><subject>Clean Development Mechanism</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Deforestation</subject><subject>Developed countries</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Emission standards</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Emissions control</subject><subject>Emissions trading</subject><subject>Energy efficiency</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Farm buildings</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Fossil fuels</subject><subject>Greenhouse effect</subject><subject>Greenhouse gases</subject><subject>Harvesting</subject><subject>Industrialized nations</subject><subject>International</subject><subject>International markets</subject><subject>Kyoto Protocol</subject><subject>Land use</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Private sector</subject><subject>Public sector</subject><subject>Reforestation</subject><subject>Renewable energy</subject><subject>Renewable resources</subject><subject>Sustainable development</subject><subject>Tropical zones</subject><issn>1387-585X</issn><issn>1573-2975</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1PwkAQhhujiYj-h4aDnlp3d_aTmyIKCcgFjbfNbrvVYmlrt5j47y1gYuJB5jJzePLOZJ4gGGAUY0Tg-nY4fnyexmhXwEHERGKF4sQcBT3MBERECXbczSBFxCR7OQ3OvF8hRJAivBfw5WQcjgpnyvDOfbqiqteubMO5S95Mmfv1MJyb97x8DfM2XNSuMW1elaY4D04yU3h38dP7wdP9eDmaRLPFw3R0M4sSILKNKAIrFWIKADtuJUoxdSmHDCtHM4Gt5Am1XIBxytrUMsNVltlMpRhlKUqhH1ztc-um-tg43-p17hNXFKZ01cZrQYEq2a3oyMt_SRCKEYHUQRBzLLpz5WGQcgmEQgcO_oCratN0X_KaYMURI3SbNtxDSVN537hM102-Ns2XxkhvXepbvXWpf13qnUudGPgGZNyRJA</recordid><startdate>20040101</startdate><enddate>20040101</enddate><creator>Mendis, Matthew</creator><creator>Openshaw, Keith</creator><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040101</creationdate><title>THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational</title><author>Mendis, Matthew ; Openshaw, Keith</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-403b89059331e6b80d14ed63f19e4f71b86c4b673ae9bbdb5a69ffbf9d10fd0d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon sequestration</topic><topic>Clean Development Mechanism</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Deforestation</topic><topic>Developed countries</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Emission standards</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Emissions control</topic><topic>Emissions trading</topic><topic>Energy efficiency</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Farm buildings</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Fossil fuels</topic><topic>Greenhouse effect</topic><topic>Greenhouse gases</topic><topic>Harvesting</topic><topic>Industrialized nations</topic><topic>International</topic><topic>International markets</topic><topic>Kyoto Protocol</topic><topic>Land use</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Private sector</topic><topic>Public sector</topic><topic>Reforestation</topic><topic>Renewable energy</topic><topic>Renewable resources</topic><topic>Sustainable development</topic><topic>Tropical zones</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mendis, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Openshaw, Keith</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environment, development and sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mendis, Matthew</au><au>Openshaw, Keith</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational</atitle><jtitle>Environment, development and sustainability</jtitle><date>2004-01-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1-2</issue><spage>183</spage><epage>211</epage><pages>183-211</pages><issn>1387-585X</issn><eissn>1573-2975</eissn><abstract>The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a facility for trading 'certified emission reductions (CERs) between developing and developed countries, thus saving non-renewable carbon emissions by promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency and/or carbon sequestration projects in LDC's. The purpose of the CDM is to help these latter countries meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol while at the same time promoting "sustainable" development in the former countries, thereby reducing the build-up of greenhouse gases (GHG). This paper examines the progress in achieving a workable CDM in time for the first commitment period (2008-2012), and the kinds of initiatives that can be pursued in the agricultural, land-use and forestry sector in tropical countries. The critical element for the success of the CDM is the participation of a broad cross-section of buyers (ultimately from developed countries) and sellers (from developing countries) of CERs. Trading is the final step, which starts with project formulation, through successful implementation and then certification. This paper lays out a market-based framework for promoting CDM transactions between private sector project developers and traders and public sector policy makers, with regulators, governed by CDM rules, overseeing the smooth running of the CDM. However, as there are numerous players; it is proposed that trial CDM projects be demonstrated with the support of National/International bodies to iron out the problems and come up with practical solutions so that carbon trading can become a reality. Most rules for the CDM were clarified at the 7th Conference of Parties (CP) in October/November of 2001 in Marrakesh. An executive Board (EB) was appointed and this EB is in charge of proposing workable ground rules to promote the CDM. These have to be submitted for approval by the 8th CP in late 2002. Three broad kinds of projects qualify for the CDM, these are: renewable energy projects that will be alternatives to fossil fuel projects; sequestration projects that offset GHG emissions; and energy efficient projects that will decrease the emissions of GHG. It is possible to have a combination of these initiatives. A fourth type covering GHG reduction is omitted. As elaborated in the text, in order to qualify for the CDM, the proposed projects may have to have additional costs when compared to the alternative(s). Two time frames have been agreed for CDM projects to qualify for the first commitment period, namely 7 years (with an option of two 7-year renewals) and 10 years. Also, for land-use, land-use change and forestry projects only afforestation/reforestation initiatives are recognized as being permissible for the first commitment period. These rules seem rather shortsighted, as forestry and/or renewable energy projects usually require more than 21 years to be fully effective. Also, the major cause of deforestation is clearing land for agriculture, not harvesting wood. Therefore, improving agricultural productivity may be the best way to reduce deforestation and its subsequent release of GHGs. These conditionalities should be re-examined when rules for the second commitment period are decided. However, various agricultural and land-use projects are discussed under the existing guidelines which could qualify as CDM projects in the first period. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Nature B.V</pub><doi>10.1023/B:ENVI.0000003637.28190.ca</doi><tpages>29</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1387-585X |
| ispartof | Environment, development and sustainability, 2004-01, Vol.6 (1-2), p.183-211 |
| issn | 1387-585X 1573-2975 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743498890 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Agricultural production Agriculture Carbon Carbon sequestration Clean Development Mechanism Climate change Deforestation Developed countries Developing countries Emission standards Emissions Emissions control Emissions trading Energy efficiency Environment Farm buildings Forestry Fossil fuels Greenhouse effect Greenhouse gases Harvesting Industrialized nations International International markets Kyoto Protocol Land use LDCs Private sector Public sector Reforestation Renewable energy Renewable resources Sustainable development Tropical zones |
| title | THE Clean Development Mechanism: Making it Operational |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-19T05%3A58%3A16IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=THE%20Clean%20Development%20Mechanism:%20Making%20it%20Operational&rft.jtitle=Environment,%20development%20and%20sustainability&rft.au=Mendis,%20Matthew&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.epage=211&rft.pages=183-211&rft.issn=1387-585X&rft.eissn=1573-2975&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023/B:ENVI.0000003637.28190.ca&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E16173318%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=219605248&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |