Outbreak of Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Neighborhood Interactive Water Fountain–Florida, 2006
An outbreak of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was identified in central Florida in September 2006. Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case def...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental health 2008-10, Vol.71 (3), p.18-23 |
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| description | An outbreak of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was identified in central Florida in September 2006. Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case definition were identified, of which 38 were giardiasis, nine were cryptosporidiosis, and two were co-infections. The median age of those affected was four years old, and 32 (65.3%) cases were male. This outbreak and other similar occurrences highlight the need to design and implement more stringent disinfection practices and filtration requirements for treated interactive water venues.Giardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts are small and chlorine-resistant, and they may require supplemental disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet light irradiation, ozonation, or chlorine dioxide. Individuals who use these types of venues also need to change their behavior to prevent disease transmission. This is the first documentation of a giardiasis outbreak associated with exposure to an interactive water fountain in the United States. |
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Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case definition were identified, of which 38 were giardiasis, nine were cryptosporidiosis, and two were co-infections. The median age of those affected was four years old, and 32 (65.3%) cases were male. This outbreak and other similar occurrences highlight the need to design and implement more stringent disinfection practices and filtration requirements for treated interactive water venues.Giardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts are small and chlorine-resistant, and they may require supplemental disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet light irradiation, ozonation, or chlorine dioxide. Individuals who use these types of venues also need to change their behavior to prevent disease transmission. This is the first documentation of a giardiasis outbreak associated with exposure to an interactive water fountain in the United States.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0892</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18990929</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEVHAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Environmental Health Association</publisher><subject>Age ; Amusement parks ; Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Chlorine ; Chlorine dioxide ; Cryptosporidiosis ; Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis - physiopathology ; Cryptosporidium ; Development and progression ; Disease control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease transmission ; Disinfection ; Drownings ; Education, Continuing ; Environmental health ; Epidemiology ; FEATURES ; Female ; Filtration ; Florida - epidemiology ; Fountains ; Freshwater ; Giardiasis ; Giardiasis - epidemiology ; Giardiasis - physiopathology ; Humans ; Infections ; Irradiation ; Male ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Neighborhoods ; Oocysts ; Outbreaks ; Ozonation ; Ozone layer ; Preventive medicine ; Public health ; Q1 ; Q3 ; Risk factors ; Safety standards ; Swimming pools ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Urban Population ; USA, Florida ; Water ; Water Microbiology ; Water Purification</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental health, 2008-10, Vol.71 (3), p.18-23</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2008, National Environmental Health Association</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 National Environmental Health Association</rights><rights>Copyright National Environmental Health Association Oct 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26327737$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26327737$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18990929$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eisenstein, Leah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodager, Dean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ginzl, Dawn</creatorcontrib><title>Outbreak of Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Neighborhood Interactive Water Fountain–Florida, 2006</title><title>Journal of environmental health</title><addtitle>J Environ Health</addtitle><description>An outbreak of giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis was identified in central Florida in September 2006. Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case definition were identified, of which 38 were giardiasis, nine were cryptosporidiosis, and two were co-infections. The median age of those affected was four years old, and 32 (65.3%) cases were male. This outbreak and other similar occurrences highlight the need to design and implement more stringent disinfection practices and filtration requirements for treated interactive water venues.Giardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts are small and chlorine-resistant, and they may require supplemental disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet light irradiation, ozonation, or chlorine dioxide. Individuals who use these types of venues also need to change their behavior to prevent disease transmission. This is the first documentation of a giardiasis outbreak associated with exposure to an interactive water fountain in the United States.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Amusement parks</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Chlorine dioxide</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cryptosporidiosis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cryptosporidium</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Drownings</subject><subject>Education, Continuing</subject><subject>Environmental health</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>FEATURES</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Filtration</subject><subject>Florida - epidemiology</subject><subject>Fountains</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Giardiasis</subject><subject>Giardiasis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Giardiasis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neighborhoods</subject><subject>Oocysts</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Ozonation</subject><subject>Ozone layer</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Q1</subject><subject>Q3</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Safety standards</subject><subject>Swimming pools</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>USA, Florida</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water 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Environmental and epidemiological investigations indicated the likely source was a neighborhood interactive water fountain in a large upscale urban neighborhood. Forty-nine cases meeting the case definition were identified, of which 38 were giardiasis, nine were cryptosporidiosis, and two were co-infections. The median age of those affected was four years old, and 32 (65.3%) cases were male. This outbreak and other similar occurrences highlight the need to design and implement more stringent disinfection practices and filtration requirements for treated interactive water venues.Giardiacysts andCryptosporidiumoocysts are small and chlorine-resistant, and they may require supplemental disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet light irradiation, ozonation, or chlorine dioxide. Individuals who use these types of venues also need to change their behavior to prevent disease transmission. This is the first documentation of a giardiasis outbreak associated with exposure to an interactive water fountain in the United States.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Environmental Health Association</pub><pmid>18990929</pmid><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Amusement parks Behavior Child, Preschool Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology Cryptosporidiosis - physiopathology Cryptosporidium Development and progression Disease control Disease Outbreaks Disease transmission Disinfection Drownings Education, Continuing Environmental health Epidemiology FEATURES Female Filtration Florida - epidemiology Fountains Freshwater Giardiasis Giardiasis - epidemiology Giardiasis - physiopathology Humans Infections Irradiation Male Morbidity Mortality Neighborhoods Oocysts Outbreaks Ozonation Ozone layer Preventive medicine Public health Q1 Q3 Risk factors Safety standards Swimming pools Ultraviolet radiation Urban Population USA, Florida Water Water Microbiology Water Purification |
| title | Outbreak of Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis Associated with a Neighborhood Interactive Water Fountain–Florida, 2006 |
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