A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks
Seismic data indicate that fault ruptures follow complicated paths with variable velocity because of inhomogeneities in initial stress or fracture energy. We report a phenomenon unique to three-dimensional cracks: Locally stronger fault sections, rather than slowing ruptures, drive them forward at v...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2003-03, Vol.299 (5612), p.1557-1559 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1559 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5612 |
| container_start_page | 1557 |
| container_title | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) |
| container_volume | 299 |
| creator | Dunham, Eric M. Favreau, Pascal Carlson, J. M. |
| description | Seismic data indicate that fault ruptures follow complicated paths with variable velocity because of inhomogeneities in initial stress or fracture energy. We report a phenomenon unique to three-dimensional cracks: Locally stronger fault sections, rather than slowing ruptures, drive them forward at velocities exceeding the shear wave speed. This supershear mechanism differentiates barrier and asperity models of fault heterogeneity, which previously have been regarded as indistinguishable. High strength barriers concentrate energy, producing potentially destructive pulses of strong ground motion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1080650 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743466748</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A99118750</galeid><jstor_id>3833761</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>A99118750</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a798t-40ae3befc457aaa667cdc75f5890c6f0888040e416154a2a6a5ade1cb325f08e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0s-LEzEUB_BBFLeunr2IDII_Dp3dZJJMkmO3aF2o9rCr1_Cavummzo-azMD635vSwaVStIQQyPvkQZJvkryk5ILSvLgM1mFj8YISRQpBHiUjSrTIdE7Y42RECCsyRaQ4S56FsCEk1jR7mpzFozmPc5SMJ-lNv0Uf7hB8euuhCa5zbZN-QXsHjQt1WrY-nXqwP8Lz5EkJVcAXw3qefPv08Xb6OZsvZtfTyTwDqVWXcQLIllhaLiQAFIW0KytFKZQmtiiJUopwgpwWVHDIoQABK6R2yXIRq8jOk_f7vlvf_uwxdKZ2wWJVQYNtH4zkjMeuXEX57t-SESUk1f-FudQ6F4pE-OYvuGl738TrmpwyIZniPKLxHq2hQuOasu3iA62xQQ9V22Dp4vZEa0qVFLue2REexwprZ4_5Dwc-kg7vuzX0IZjrm68n08X3k-nV7FSqZvMDOj5GbVtVuEYTczFdHPDLPbe-DcFjabbe1eB_GUrMLtJmiLQZIh1PvB4-pF_WuHrwQ4YjeDsACBaqMmbYuvDgeMG00rusvNq7Teha_6fOFGOyoOw3Pw8ByQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>213573844</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks</title><source>American Association for the Advancement of Science</source><source>JSTOR</source><creator>Dunham, Eric M. ; Favreau, Pascal ; Carlson, J. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Dunham, Eric M. ; Favreau, Pascal ; Carlson, J. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Seismic data indicate that fault ruptures follow complicated paths with variable velocity because of inhomogeneities in initial stress or fracture energy. We report a phenomenon unique to three-dimensional cracks: Locally stronger fault sections, rather than slowing ruptures, drive them forward at velocities exceeding the shear wave speed. This supershear mechanism differentiates barrier and asperity models of fault heterogeneity, which previously have been regarded as indistinguishable. High strength barriers concentrate energy, producing potentially destructive pulses of strong ground motion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.1080650</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12624262</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCIEAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Earthquakes ; Earthquakes, seismology ; Energy ; Exact sciences and technology ; Faults (Geology) ; Fracture mechanics ; France ; Internal geophysics ; Kinetics ; Laboratory Experiments ; Materials science ; Mechanical properties ; Motion ; Seismology ; Shear (Mechanics) ; Speed ; Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics ; United States ; Velocity</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-03, Vol.299 (5612), p.1557-1559</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science Mar 7, 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a798t-40ae3befc457aaa667cdc75f5890c6f0888040e416154a2a6a5ade1cb325f08e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a798t-40ae3befc457aaa667cdc75f5890c6f0888040e416154a2a6a5ade1cb325f08e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3833761$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3833761$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,2875,2876,27915,27916,58008,58241</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14639898$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624262$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dunham, Eric M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favreau, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlson, J. M.</creatorcontrib><title>A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>Seismic data indicate that fault ruptures follow complicated paths with variable velocity because of inhomogeneities in initial stress or fracture energy. We report a phenomenon unique to three-dimensional cracks: Locally stronger fault sections, rather than slowing ruptures, drive them forward at velocities exceeding the shear wave speed. This supershear mechanism differentiates barrier and asperity models of fault heterogeneity, which previously have been regarded as indistinguishable. High strength barriers concentrate energy, producing potentially destructive pulses of strong ground motion.</description><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Earthquakes</subject><subject>Earthquakes, seismology</subject><subject>Energy</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Faults (Geology)</subject><subject>Fracture mechanics</subject><subject>France</subject><subject>Internal geophysics</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Laboratory Experiments</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Motion</subject><subject>Seismology</subject><subject>Shear (Mechanics)</subject><subject>Speed</subject><subject>Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><issn>0036-8075</issn><issn>1095-9203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0s-LEzEUB_BBFLeunr2IDII_Dp3dZJJMkmO3aF2o9rCr1_Cavummzo-azMD635vSwaVStIQQyPvkQZJvkryk5ILSvLgM1mFj8YISRQpBHiUjSrTIdE7Y42RECCsyRaQ4S56FsCEk1jR7mpzFozmPc5SMJ-lNv0Uf7hB8euuhCa5zbZN-QXsHjQt1WrY-nXqwP8Lz5EkJVcAXw3qefPv08Xb6OZsvZtfTyTwDqVWXcQLIllhaLiQAFIW0KytFKZQmtiiJUopwgpwWVHDIoQABK6R2yXIRq8jOk_f7vlvf_uwxdKZ2wWJVQYNtH4zkjMeuXEX57t-SESUk1f-FudQ6F4pE-OYvuGl738TrmpwyIZniPKLxHq2hQuOasu3iA62xQQ9V22Dp4vZEa0qVFLue2REexwprZ4_5Dwc-kg7vuzX0IZjrm68n08X3k-nV7FSqZvMDOj5GbVtVuEYTczFdHPDLPbe-DcFjabbe1eB_GUrMLtJmiLQZIh1PvB4-pF_WuHrwQ4YjeDsACBaqMmbYuvDgeMG00rusvNq7Teha_6fOFGOyoOw3Pw8ByQ</recordid><startdate>20030307</startdate><enddate>20030307</enddate><creator>Dunham, Eric M.</creator><creator>Favreau, Pascal</creator><creator>Carlson, J. M.</creator><general>American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><general>The American Association for the Advancement of Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8GL</scope><scope>IBG</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030307</creationdate><title>A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks</title><author>Dunham, Eric M. ; Favreau, Pascal ; Carlson, J. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a798t-40ae3befc457aaa667cdc75f5890c6f0888040e416154a2a6a5ade1cb325f08e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Earthquakes</topic><topic>Earthquakes, seismology</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Faults (Geology)</topic><topic>Fracture mechanics</topic><topic>France</topic><topic>Internal geophysics</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Laboratory Experiments</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Motion</topic><topic>Seismology</topic><topic>Shear (Mechanics)</topic><topic>Speed</topic><topic>Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dunham, Eric M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favreau, Pascal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlson, J. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: High School</collection><collection>Gale in Context : Biography</collection><collection>Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - current)</collection><collection>ProQuest Agriculture & Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Education Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dunham, Eric M.</au><au>Favreau, Pascal</au><au>Carlson, J. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks</atitle><jtitle>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</jtitle><addtitle>Science</addtitle><date>2003-03-07</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>299</volume><issue>5612</issue><spage>1557</spage><epage>1559</epage><pages>1557-1559</pages><issn>0036-8075</issn><eissn>1095-9203</eissn><coden>SCIEAS</coden><abstract>Seismic data indicate that fault ruptures follow complicated paths with variable velocity because of inhomogeneities in initial stress or fracture energy. We report a phenomenon unique to three-dimensional cracks: Locally stronger fault sections, rather than slowing ruptures, drive them forward at velocities exceeding the shear wave speed. This supershear mechanism differentiates barrier and asperity models of fault heterogeneity, which previously have been regarded as indistinguishable. High strength barriers concentrate energy, producing potentially destructive pulses of strong ground motion.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>12624262</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.1080650</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0036-8075 |
| ispartof | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2003-03, Vol.299 (5612), p.1557-1559 |
| issn | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743466748 |
| source | American Association for the Advancement of Science; JSTOR |
| subjects | Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Earthquakes Earthquakes, seismology Energy Exact sciences and technology Faults (Geology) Fracture mechanics France Internal geophysics Kinetics Laboratory Experiments Materials science Mechanical properties Motion Seismology Shear (Mechanics) Speed Tectonics. Structural geology. Plate tectonics United States Velocity |
| title | A Supershear Transition Mechanism for Cracks |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T19%3A25%3A43IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20Supershear%20Transition%20Mechanism%20for%20Cracks&rft.jtitle=Science%20(American%20Association%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science)&rft.au=Dunham,%20Eric%20M.&rft.date=2003-03-07&rft.volume=299&rft.issue=5612&rft.spage=1557&rft.epage=1559&rft.pages=1557-1559&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft.eissn=1095-9203&rft.coden=SCIEAS&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126/science.1080650&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA99118750%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=213573844&rft_id=info:pmid/12624262&rft_galeid=A99118750&rft_jstor_id=3833761&rfr_iscdi=true |