Solar Wind Origin in Coronal Funnels
The origin of the solar wind in solar coronal holes has long been unclear. We establish that the solar wind starts flowing out of the corona at heights above the photosphere between 5 megameters and 20 megameters in magnetic funnels. This result is obtained by a correlation of the Doppler-velocity a...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2005-04, Vol.308 (5721), p.519-523 |
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creator | Tu, Chuan-Yi Zhou, Cheng Marsch, Eckart Xia, Li-Dong Zhao, Liang Wang, Jing-Xiu Wilhelm, Klaus |
description | The origin of the solar wind in solar coronal holes has long been unclear. We establish that the solar wind starts flowing out of the corona at heights above the photosphere between 5 megameters and 20 megameters in magnetic funnels. This result is obtained by a correlation of the Doppler-velocity and radiance maps of spectral lines emitted by various ions with the force-free magnetic field as extrapolated from photospheric magnetograms to different altitudes. Specifically, we find that Ne⁷⁺ ions mostly radiate around 20 megameters, where they have outflow speeds of about 10 kilometers per second, whereas C³⁺ ions with no average flow speed mainly radiate around 5 megameters. Based on these results, a model for understanding the solar wind origin is suggested. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.1109447 |
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We establish that the solar wind starts flowing out of the corona at heights above the photosphere between 5 megameters and 20 megameters in magnetic funnels. This result is obtained by a correlation of the Doppler-velocity and radiance maps of spectral lines emitted by various ions with the force-free magnetic field as extrapolated from photospheric magnetograms to different altitudes. Specifically, we find that Ne⁷⁺ ions mostly radiate around 20 megameters, where they have outflow speeds of about 10 kilometers per second, whereas C³⁺ ions with no average flow speed mainly radiate around 5 megameters. Based on these results, a model for understanding the solar wind origin is suggested.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.1109447</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15845846</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCIEAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Astronomy ; Chromosphere ; Corona. Coronal loops, streamers, and holes ; Coronal mass ejections ; Correlations ; Data Analysis ; Doppler effect ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; Interplanetary space ; Magnetic fields ; Mathematical extrapolation ; Observations ; Particle radiation, solar wind ; Physics ; Radiance ; Radiation ; Rectangles ; Solar energy ; Solar physics ; Solar system ; Solar wind ; Solar wind plasma ; Spectrometer ; Spectrometers ; Sumer ; Wind</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2005-04, Vol.308 (5721), p.519-523</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2005 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2005 American Association for the Advancement of Science</rights><rights>Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science Apr 22, 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c897t-8f4dce9a6bc3f8285412ebb80bf15d8fe48d6ccb94d955422baa903ee644565d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c897t-8f4dce9a6bc3f8285412ebb80bf15d8fe48d6ccb94d955422baa903ee644565d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3841297$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3841297$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,805,2886,2887,27931,27932,58024,58257</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16764763$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845846$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tu, Chuan-Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marsch, Eckart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Li-Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jing-Xiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilhelm, Klaus</creatorcontrib><title>Solar Wind Origin in Coronal Funnels</title><title>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)</title><addtitle>Science</addtitle><description>The origin of the solar wind in solar coronal holes has long been unclear. We establish that the solar wind starts flowing out of the corona at heights above the photosphere between 5 megameters and 20 megameters in magnetic funnels. This result is obtained by a correlation of the Doppler-velocity and radiance maps of spectral lines emitted by various ions with the force-free magnetic field as extrapolated from photospheric magnetograms to different altitudes. Specifically, we find that Ne⁷⁺ ions mostly radiate around 20 megameters, where they have outflow speeds of about 10 kilometers per second, whereas C³⁺ ions with no average flow speed mainly radiate around 5 megameters. Based on these results, a model for understanding the solar wind origin is suggested.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Astronomy</subject><subject>Chromosphere</subject><subject>Corona. 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We establish that the solar wind starts flowing out of the corona at heights above the photosphere between 5 megameters and 20 megameters in magnetic funnels. This result is obtained by a correlation of the Doppler-velocity and radiance maps of spectral lines emitted by various ions with the force-free magnetic field as extrapolated from photospheric magnetograms to different altitudes. Specifically, we find that Ne⁷⁺ ions mostly radiate around 20 megameters, where they have outflow speeds of about 10 kilometers per second, whereas C³⁺ ions with no average flow speed mainly radiate around 5 megameters. Based on these results, a model for understanding the solar wind origin is suggested.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Association for the Advancement of Science</pub><pmid>15845846</pmid><doi>10.1126/science.1109447</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analysis Astronomy Chromosphere Corona. Coronal loops, streamers, and holes Coronal mass ejections Correlations Data Analysis Doppler effect Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Interplanetary space Magnetic fields Mathematical extrapolation Observations Particle radiation, solar wind Physics Radiance Radiation Rectangles Solar energy Solar physics Solar system Solar wind Solar wind plasma Spectrometer Spectrometers Sumer Wind |
title | Solar Wind Origin in Coronal Funnels |
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