Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park
Projections of the ecological effects of global climate change often include increased frequency and/or intensity of forest fires in regions of warmer and drier climate. In addition to disturbing biological systems, widespread intense fires may influence the evolution of the physical landscape throu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 1992-05, Vol.357 (6374), p.147-150 |
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| creator | Meyer, G.A Wells, S.G Balling, R.C. Jr Jull, A.J.T |
| description | Projections of the ecological effects of global climate change often include increased frequency and/or intensity of forest fires in regions of warmer and drier climate. In addition to disturbing biological systems, widespread intense fires may influence the evolution of the physical landscape through greatly enhanced sediment transport. Debris-flow to flood-streamflow sedimentation events following the 1988 fires in the Yellowstone National Park area (Wyoming and Montana, USA) have allowed us to examine the geomorphological response to fire in a mountain environment. Abundant analogous deposits in older alluvial fan sequences bear witness to past fire-related sedimentation events in northeastern Yellowstone, and radiocarbon dating of these events yields a detailed chronology of fire-related sedimentation for the past 3,500 years. We find that alluvial fans aggrade during periods of frequent fire-related sedimentation events, and we interpret these periods as subject to drought or high climatic variability. During wetter periods, sediment is removed from alluvial fan storage and transported down axial streams, resulting in floodplain aggradation. The dominant alluvial activity is strongly modulated by climate, with fire acting as a drought-actuated catalyst for sediment transport. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/357147a0 |
| format | Article |
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Abundant analogous deposits in older alluvial fan sequences bear witness to past fire-related sedimentation events in northeastern Yellowstone, and radiocarbon dating of these events yields a detailed chronology of fire-related sedimentation for the past 3,500 years. We find that alluvial fans aggrade during periods of frequent fire-related sedimentation events, and we interpret these periods as subject to drought or high climatic variability. During wetter periods, sediment is removed from alluvial fan storage and transported down axial streams, resulting in floodplain aggradation. The dominant alluvial activity is strongly modulated by climate, with fire acting as a drought-actuated catalyst for sediment transport.</description><subject>Alluvial fans</subject><subject>alluvium</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fires</subject><subject>forest fires</subject><subject>Geochronology</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Isotope geochemistry. 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Jr</au><au>Jull, A.J.T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><date>1992-05-14</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>357</volume><issue>6374</issue><spage>147</spage><epage>150</epage><pages>147-150</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>Projections of the ecological effects of global climate change often include increased frequency and/or intensity of forest fires in regions of warmer and drier climate. In addition to disturbing biological systems, widespread intense fires may influence the evolution of the physical landscape through greatly enhanced sediment transport. Debris-flow to flood-streamflow sedimentation events following the 1988 fires in the Yellowstone National Park area (Wyoming and Montana, USA) have allowed us to examine the geomorphological response to fire in a mountain environment. Abundant analogous deposits in older alluvial fan sequences bear witness to past fire-related sedimentation events in northeastern Yellowstone, and radiocarbon dating of these events yields a detailed chronology of fire-related sedimentation for the past 3,500 years. We find that alluvial fans aggrade during periods of frequent fire-related sedimentation events, and we interpret these periods as subject to drought or high climatic variability. During wetter periods, sediment is removed from alluvial fan storage and transported down axial streams, resulting in floodplain aggradation. The dominant alluvial activity is strongly modulated by climate, with fire acting as a drought-actuated catalyst for sediment transport.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><doi>10.1038/357147a0</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nature (London), 1992-05, Vol.357 (6374), p.147-150 |
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| source | Nature; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Alluvial fans alluvium Climate change Drought Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology Fires forest fires Geochronology Geology Humanities and Social Sciences Isotope geochemistry. Geochronology letter multidisciplinary National parks runoff Science Science (multidisciplinary) sedimentation soil erosion |
| title | Response of alluvial systems to fire and climate change in Yellowstone National Park |
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