An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation
A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN numb...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the atmospheric sciences 2009, Vol.66 (1), p.41-61 |
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| creator | XIPING ZENG TAO, Wei-Kuo MINGHUA ZHANG HOU, Arthur Y SHAOCHENG XIE STEPHEN LANG XIAOWEN LI STARR, David Oc XIAOFAN LI SIMPSON, Joanne |
| description | A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/2008jas2778.1 |
| format | Article |
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In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. 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In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</description><subject>Atmospheric aerosols</subject><subject>Atmospheric radiation</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Downward long wave radiation</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Equilibrium</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Fluctuations</subject><subject>General circulation models</subject><subject>Ice effects</subject><subject>Ice nuclei</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Nucleus</subject><subject>Numerical experiments</subject><subject>Physics of the high neutral atmosphere</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiation-cloud interactions</subject><subject>Sedimentation & deposition</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Solar flux</subject><subject>Three dimensional models</subject><subject>Tropical 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Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation</title><author>XIPING ZENG ; TAO, Wei-Kuo ; MINGHUA ZHANG ; HOU, Arthur Y ; SHAOCHENG XIE ; STEPHEN LANG ; XIAOWEN LI ; STARR, David Oc ; XIAOFAN LI ; SIMPSON, Joanne</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-eccc4e6463a1a45310c47bc9c56c5e2011460db32ec7c65fed7b56e390474e7b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric aerosols</topic><topic>Atmospheric radiation</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Downward long wave radiation</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Equilibrium</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Fluctuations</topic><topic>General circulation models</topic><topic>Ice effects</topic><topic>Ice 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Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>XIPING ZENG</au><au>TAO, Wei-Kuo</au><au>MINGHUA ZHANG</au><au>HOU, Arthur Y</au><au>SHAOCHENG XIE</au><au>STEPHEN LANG</au><au>XIAOWEN LI</au><au>STARR, David Oc</au><au>XIAOFAN LI</au><au>SIMPSON, Joanne</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle><date>2009</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>41</spage><epage>61</epage><pages>41-61</pages><issn>0022-4928</issn><eissn>1520-0469</eissn><coden>JAHSAK</coden><abstract>A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/2008jas2778.1</doi><tpages>21</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2009, Vol.66 (1), p.41-61 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | American Meteorological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Atmospheric aerosols Atmospheric radiation Climate change Clouds Downward long wave radiation Earth, ocean, space Equilibrium Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Fluctuations General circulation models Ice effects Ice nuclei Latitude Meteorology Nucleus Numerical experiments Physics of the high neutral atmosphere Precipitation Radiation Radiation-cloud interactions Sedimentation & deposition Simulation Solar flux Three dimensional models Tropical environments Troposphere Upper troposphere Wind shear |
| title | An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation |
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