Females increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings
Females in a variety of species commonly mate with multiple males, and there is evidence that they benefit by producing offspring of higher genetic quality; however, the nature of these genetic benefits is debated. Enhanced offspring survival or quality can result from intrinsic effects of paternal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature 2003-10, Vol.425 (6959), p.714-717 |
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| creator | Kempenaers, Bart Foerster, Katharina Delhey, Kaspar Johnsen, Arild Lifjeld, Jan T |
| description | Females in a variety of species commonly mate with multiple males, and there is evidence that they benefit by producing offspring of higher genetic quality; however, the nature of these genetic benefits is debated. Enhanced offspring survival or quality can result from intrinsic effects of paternal genes-'good genes'-or from interactions between the maternal and paternal genomes-'compatible genes'. Evidence for the latter process is accumulating: matings between relatives lead to decreased reproductive success, and the individual level of inbreeding-measured as average heterozygosity-is a strong fitness predictor. Females should thus benefit from mating with genetically dissimilar males. In many birds, social monogamy restricts mate choice, but females may circumvent this by pursuing extra-pair copulations. Here we show that female blue tits, Parus caeruleus, increase the heterozygosity of their progeny through extra-pair matings. Females thereby produce offspring of higher reproductive value, because less inbred individuals have increased survival chances, a more elaborate male secondary sexual trait (crown colour) and higher reproductive success. The cost of inbreeding may therefore be an important factor driving the evolution of female extra-pair mating. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature01969 |
| format | Article |
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Enhanced offspring survival or quality can result from intrinsic effects of paternal genes-'good genes'-or from interactions between the maternal and paternal genomes-'compatible genes'. Evidence for the latter process is accumulating: matings between relatives lead to decreased reproductive success, and the individual level of inbreeding-measured as average heterozygosity-is a strong fitness predictor. Females should thus benefit from mating with genetically dissimilar males. In many birds, social monogamy restricts mate choice, but females may circumvent this by pursuing extra-pair copulations. Here we show that female blue tits, Parus caeruleus, increase the heterozygosity of their progeny through extra-pair matings. Females thereby produce offspring of higher reproductive value, because less inbred individuals have increased survival chances, a more elaborate male secondary sexual trait (crown colour) and higher reproductive success. The cost of inbreeding may therefore be an important factor driving the evolution of female extra-pair mating.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nature01969</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14562103</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Animal and plant ecology ; Animal behavior ; Animal reproduction ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Autoecology ; Aves ; Biological and medical sciences ; Color ; Copulation - physiology ; Female ; Females ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Heterozygote ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Inbreeding ; letter ; Litter Size ; Male ; multidisciplinary ; Offspring ; Reproduction ; Reproduction - physiology ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Sex Characteristics ; Songbirds - anatomy & histology ; Songbirds - genetics ; Songbirds - physiology ; Survival Rate ; Vertebrata</subject><ispartof>Nature, 2003-10, Vol.425 (6959), p.714-717</ispartof><rights>Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 2003</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. 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| source | MEDLINE; Nature Journals Online; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal behavior Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Autoecology Aves Biological and medical sciences Color Copulation - physiology Female Females Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heterozygote Humanities and Social Sciences Inbreeding letter Litter Size Male multidisciplinary Offspring Reproduction Reproduction - physiology Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sex Characteristics Songbirds - anatomy & histology Songbirds - genetics Songbirds - physiology Survival Rate Vertebrata |
| title | Females increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings |
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