Determination of left-right patterning of the mouse embryo by artificial nodal flow
Substantial insight has recently been achieved into the mechanisms responsible for the generation of left-right (L-R) asymmetry in the vertebrate body plan. However, the mechanism that underlies the initial breaking of symmetry has remained unclear. In the mouse, a leftward fluid flow on the ventral...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 2002-07, Vol.418 (6893), p.96-99 |
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| creator | NONAKA, Shlgenerl SHIRATORI, Hidetaka SAIJOH, Yukio HAMADA, Hlroshl |
| description | Substantial insight has recently been achieved into the mechanisms responsible for the generation of left-right (L-R) asymmetry in the vertebrate body plan. However, the mechanism that underlies the initial breaking of symmetry has remained unclear. In the mouse, a leftward fluid flow on the ventral side of the node caused by the vortical motion of cilia (referred to as nodal flow) is implicated in symmetry breaking, but direct evidence for the role of this flow has been lacking. Here we describe the development of a system in which mouse embryos are cultured under an artificial fluid flow and with which we have examined how flow affects L-R patterning. An artificial rightward flow that was sufficiently rapid to reverse the intrinsic leftward nodal flow resulted in reversal of situs in wild-type embryos. The artificial flow was also able to direct the situs of mutant mouse embryos with immotile cilia. These results provide the first direct evidence for the role of mechanical fluid flow in L-R patterning. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature00849 |
| format | Article |
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However, the mechanism that underlies the initial breaking of symmetry has remained unclear. In the mouse, a leftward fluid flow on the ventral side of the node caused by the vortical motion of cilia (referred to as nodal flow) is implicated in symmetry breaking, but direct evidence for the role of this flow has been lacking. Here we describe the development of a system in which mouse embryos are cultured under an artificial fluid flow and with which we have examined how flow affects L-R patterning. An artificial rightward flow that was sufficiently rapid to reverse the intrinsic leftward nodal flow resulted in reversal of situs in wild-type embryos. The artificial flow was also able to direct the situs of mutant mouse embryos with immotile cilia. These results provide the first direct evidence for the role of mechanical fluid flow in L-R patterning.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nature00849</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12097914</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing</publisher><subject>Anatomy & physiology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Body Patterning ; Cilia - genetics ; Cilia - physiology ; Culture Techniques - methods ; Early stages. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Neurulation ; Embryo, Mammalian - cytology ; Embryo, Mammalian - embryology ; Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology ; Embryos ; Fluid flow ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Male ; Mice ; Organizers, Embryonic - physiology ; Rodents ; Signal Transduction ; Somites - cytology ; Somites - physiology</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2002-07, Vol.418 (6893), p.96-99</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2002 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. 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These results provide the first direct evidence for the role of mechanical fluid flow in L-R patterning.</description><subject>Anatomy & physiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Body Patterning</subject><subject>Cilia - genetics</subject><subject>Cilia - physiology</subject><subject>Culture Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Early stages. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Neurulation</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - cytology</subject><subject>Embryo, Mammalian - embryology</subject><subject>Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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However, the mechanism that underlies the initial breaking of symmetry has remained unclear. In the mouse, a leftward fluid flow on the ventral side of the node caused by the vortical motion of cilia (referred to as nodal flow) is implicated in symmetry breaking, but direct evidence for the role of this flow has been lacking. Here we describe the development of a system in which mouse embryos are cultured under an artificial fluid flow and with which we have examined how flow affects L-R patterning. An artificial rightward flow that was sufficiently rapid to reverse the intrinsic leftward nodal flow resulted in reversal of situs in wild-type embryos. The artificial flow was also able to direct the situs of mutant mouse embryos with immotile cilia. 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| ispartof | Nature (London), 2002-07, Vol.418 (6893), p.96-99 |
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| subjects | Anatomy & physiology Animals Biological and medical sciences Biomechanical Phenomena Body Patterning Cilia - genetics Cilia - physiology Culture Techniques - methods Early stages. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Neurulation Embryo, Mammalian - cytology Embryo, Mammalian - embryology Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology Embryos Fluid flow Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Male Mice Organizers, Embryonic - physiology Rodents Signal Transduction Somites - cytology Somites - physiology |
| title | Determination of left-right patterning of the mouse embryo by artificial nodal flow |
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