Functional Hypofrontality and Working Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Objective: Hypofrontality is a common but not invariable finding in schizophrenia. Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect, in part, the fact that abnormal physiological responses in the prefrontal cortex are best identified under conditions that place well-specified functional demands on this...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of psychiatry 1998-09, Vol.155 (9), p.1285-1287 |
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| container_title | The American journal of psychiatry |
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| creator | Carter, Cameron S. Perlstein, William Ganguli, Rohan Brar, Jaspreet Mintun, Mark Cohen, Jonathan D. |
| description | Objective: Hypofrontality is a common but not invariable finding in schizophrenia. Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect, in part, the fact that abnormal physiological responses in the prefrontal cortex are best identified under conditions that place well-specified functional demands on this region. Method: The authors studied eight patients with schizophrenia and eight matched comparison subjects using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography and the "N-back" task, which activates the prefrontal cortex as a function of working memory load in normal subjects. Results: Under low-working-memory-load conditions, the accuracy of both groups in the N-back task was equal, but when the memory load increased, the patients' performance deteriorated more than did that of the comparison subjects. The regional cerebral blood flow response to increased working memory load was significantly reduced in the patients' right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of using tasks that tap specific cognitive functions, linked to specific neural systems, in studies of brain-behavior relationships in schizophrenia. Hypofrontality is reliably demonstrated in schizophrenia during tasks that engage working memory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1281-1284 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/ajp.155.9.1285 |
| format | Article |
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Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect, in part, the fact that abnormal physiological responses in the prefrontal cortex are best identified under conditions that place well-specified functional demands on this region. Method: The authors studied eight patients with schizophrenia and eight matched comparison subjects using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography and the "N-back" task, which activates the prefrontal cortex as a function of working memory load in normal subjects. Results: Under low-working-memory-load conditions, the accuracy of both groups in the N-back task was equal, but when the memory load increased, the patients' performance deteriorated more than did that of the comparison subjects. The regional cerebral blood flow response to increased working memory load was significantly reduced in the patients' right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of using tasks that tap specific cognitive functions, linked to specific neural systems, in studies of brain-behavior relationships in schizophrenia. Hypofrontality is reliably demonstrated in schizophrenia during tasks that engage working memory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1281-1284</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.9.1285</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9734557</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain ; Functional Laterality - physiology ; Humans ; Hypofrontality ; Medical sciences ; Memory ; Memory - physiology ; Neurology ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; Patients ; Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply ; Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychoses ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Regional Blood Flow ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis ; Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia - physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Water ; Working memory</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 1998-09, Vol.155 (9), p.1285-1287</ispartof><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychiatric Association Sep 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a507t-4ac64332a881da291f6df6c290756cd3992fb33713d9286b2d12809f6728af803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a507t-4ac64332a881da291f6df6c290756cd3992fb33713d9286b2d12809f6728af803</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/ajp.155.9.1285$$EPDF$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.155.9.1285$$EHTML$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,2842,21607,21608,21609,27850,27905,27906,30981,77543,77548</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2428796$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9734557$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Carter, Cameron S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perlstein, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganguli, Rohan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brar, Jaspreet</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mintun, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Jonathan D.</creatorcontrib><title>Functional Hypofrontality and Working Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Objective: Hypofrontality is a common but not invariable finding in schizophrenia. Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect, in part, the fact that abnormal physiological responses in the prefrontal cortex are best identified under conditions that place well-specified functional demands on this region. Method: The authors studied eight patients with schizophrenia and eight matched comparison subjects using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography and the "N-back" task, which activates the prefrontal cortex as a function of working memory load in normal subjects. Results: Under low-working-memory-load conditions, the accuracy of both groups in the N-back task was equal, but when the memory load increased, the patients' performance deteriorated more than did that of the comparison subjects. The regional cerebral blood flow response to increased working memory load was significantly reduced in the patients' right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of using tasks that tap specific cognitive functions, linked to specific neural systems, in studies of brain-behavior relationships in schizophrenia. Hypofrontality is reliably demonstrated in schizophrenia during tasks that engage working memory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1281-1284</description><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Functional Laterality - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypofrontality</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory - physiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Oxygen Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Reaction Time - physiology</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Schizophrenic Psychology</subject><subject>Tomography, Emission-Computed</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Working memory</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c2L1DAUAPAgyjquXr0JRWUv0pq8NF9HWXfdhRUPKnoLmbRxM3aSmrSH-tebYcoionhJCO_33kvyEHpKcEOI4K_NbmwIY41qCEh2D20Io6wWAPI-2mCMoVaMfn2IHuW8K0dMBZygEyVoy5jYoOvLOdjJx2CG6moZo0sxTGbw01KZ0FVfYvruw7fqfb-PaaneLtmtvvKh-mhv_c843qY-ePMYPXBmyP2TdT9Fny8vPp1f1Tcf3l2fv7mpDcNiqltjeUspGClJZ0ARxzvHLSgsGLcdVQrcllJBaKdA8i105V1YOS5AGicxPUVnx7pjij_mPk9677Pth8GEPs5ZC6oIoYT-FzLRtiAkK_D5H3AX51R-JGsA3ApZloJe_AsRRiTlQraHns1R2RRzTr3TY_J7kxZNsD7MS5d5lQSmlT7MqyQ8W8vO233f3fF1QCX-co2bbM3gkgnW5zsGLUiheGGvjsyMo__tZn9v-gtCG6lH</recordid><startdate>19980901</startdate><enddate>19980901</enddate><creator>Carter, Cameron S.</creator><creator>Perlstein, William</creator><creator>Ganguli, Rohan</creator><creator>Brar, Jaspreet</creator><creator>Mintun, Mark</creator><creator>Cohen, Jonathan D.</creator><general>American Psychiatric Publishing</general><general>American Psychiatric Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>HAWNG</scope><scope>HBMBR</scope><scope>IBDFT</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19980901</creationdate><title>Functional Hypofrontality and Working Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia</title><author>Carter, Cameron S. ; Perlstein, William ; Ganguli, Rohan ; Brar, Jaspreet ; Mintun, Mark ; Cohen, Jonathan D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a507t-4ac64332a881da291f6df6c290756cd3992fb33713d9286b2d12809f6728af803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Functional Laterality - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypofrontality</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Memory - physiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Oxygen Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Psychology. 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Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect, in part, the fact that abnormal physiological responses in the prefrontal cortex are best identified under conditions that place well-specified functional demands on this region. Method: The authors studied eight patients with schizophrenia and eight matched comparison subjects using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography and the "N-back" task, which activates the prefrontal cortex as a function of working memory load in normal subjects. Results: Under low-working-memory-load conditions, the accuracy of both groups in the N-back task was equal, but when the memory load increased, the patients' performance deteriorated more than did that of the comparison subjects. The regional cerebral blood flow response to increased working memory load was significantly reduced in the patients' right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of using tasks that tap specific cognitive functions, linked to specific neural systems, in studies of brain-behavior relationships in schizophrenia. Hypofrontality is reliably demonstrated in schizophrenia during tasks that engage working memory functions of the prefrontal cortex. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1281-1284</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>9734557</pmid><doi>10.1176/ajp.155.9.1285</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Brain Functional Laterality - physiology Humans Hypofrontality Medical sciences Memory Memory - physiology Neurology Oxygen Radioisotopes Patients Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychomotor Performance - physiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Reaction Time - physiology Regional Blood Flow Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging Schizophrenia - physiopathology Schizophrenic Psychology Tomography, Emission-Computed Water Working memory |
| title | Functional Hypofrontality and Working Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia |
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