Targeting of Constitutively Active Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase to GLUT4-containing Vesicles in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Constitutive activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) stimulates glucose transport and GLUT4 glucose transporter translocation to the plasma membrane in adipocytes. To determine whether a direct interaction of PI3K with GLUT4-containing vesicles (hereafter called GLUT4 vesicles) is important for the effect of insulin on GLUT4 translocation, we targeted constitutively active PI3K to GLUT4 vesicles. We fused the inter-Src homology region 2 of the regulatory p85α subunit of PI3K (iSH2) either to a C-terminal sequence of GLUT4 (G4c, amino acids 406–509) or to this region and the N-terminal tail of GLUT4 (G4n, amino acids 1–19), resulting in the fusion proteins iSH2-G4c and G4n-iSH2-G4c, respectively. Coexpression of the fusion proteins or untargeted iSH2 with the catalytic p110α subunit of PI3K (p110) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer increased total PI3K activity in homogenates 5.0–6.7-fold over nontransduced cells or cells transduced with adenovirus encoding β-galactosidase. In contrast, PI3K activity in GLUT4 vesicles increased 11–13-fold with expression of either targeted construct and p110 but only 2-fold with the untargeted iSH2 and p110, indicating successful targeting of PI3K to GLUT4 vesicles. Both targeted and nontargeted constructs stimulated DNA synthesis to levels greater than insulin, demonstrating that both types of constructs had biologic activity in intact cells. Despite this, untargeted iSH2/p110 coexpression was more effective in stimulating 2-deoxyglucose uptake (6-fold) than either iSH2-G4c/p110 or G4n-iSH2-G4c/p110 coexpression (both 2-fold). Only iSH2/p110 coexpression led to a significant GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was unaffected by any construct. Thus, a direct interaction between PI3K and GLUT4 vesicles is either not required or not sufficient for GLUT4 translocation and stimulation of glucose transport.