One-stage transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle for reanimation of a paralyzed face : A new alternative

The two-stage method combining neurovascular free-muscle transfer with cross-face nerve grafting is now a widely accepted procedure for dynamic smile reconstruction in cases with long established unilateral facial paralysis. Although the results are promising, the two operations, about 1 year apart, exert an economic burden on the patients and require a lengthy period before obtaining results. Sequelae such as hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and conspicuous scar on the donor leg for harvesting a sural nerve graft also cannot be disregarded. To overcome such drawbacks of the two-stage method, we report a refined technique utilizing one-stage microvascular free transfer of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Its thoracodorsal nerve is crossed through the upper lip and sutured to the contralateral intact facial nerve branches. Reinnervation of the transferred muscle is established at a mean of 7 months postoperatively, which is faster than that of the two-stage method. In our present series with 24 patients, 21 patients (more than 87 percent) believed that their results were excellent or satisfactory, which also compares well with the results of the two-stage method combining free-muscle transfer with cross-face nerve graft.