Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo
The 5′ untranslated region of the proto-oncogene c- myc contains an internal ribosome entry segment and c-Myc translation can be initiated by cap-independent as well as cap-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the process of cap-dependent initiation, the trans -acting factor requirements for cellula...
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creator | Evans, Joanne R Mitchell, Sally A Spriggs, Keith A Ostrowski, Jerzy Bomsztyk, Karol Ostarek, Dirk Willis, Anne E |
description | The 5′ untranslated region of the proto-oncogene c-
myc
contains an internal ribosome entry segment and c-Myc translation can be initiated by cap-independent as well as cap-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the process of cap-dependent initiation, the
trans
-acting factor requirements for cellular internal ribosome entry are poorly understood. Here, we show that members of the poly (rC) binding protein family, poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1), poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and hnRNPK were able to activate the IRES
in vitro
up to threefold when added in combination with upstream of N-ras and unr-interacting protein. The interactions of PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK with c-
myc
-IRES-RNA were shown to be specific by ultraviolet crosslinking analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, while immunoprecipitation of the three proteins using specific antibodies followed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that they were able to bind c-
myc
mRNA. c-
myc
–IRES-mediated translation from the reporter vector was stimulated by cotransfection of plasmids encoding PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK. Interestingly, the mutated version of the c-
myc
IRES that is prevalent in patients with multiple myeloma bound hnRNPK more efficiently
in vitro
and was stimulated by hnRNPK to a greater extent
in vivo
. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.onc.1206645 |
format | Article |
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myc
contains an internal ribosome entry segment and c-Myc translation can be initiated by cap-independent as well as cap-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the process of cap-dependent initiation, the
trans
-acting factor requirements for cellular internal ribosome entry are poorly understood. Here, we show that members of the poly (rC) binding protein family, poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1), poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and hnRNPK were able to activate the IRES
in vitro
up to threefold when added in combination with upstream of N-ras and unr-interacting protein. The interactions of PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK with c-
myc
-IRES-RNA were shown to be specific by ultraviolet crosslinking analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, while immunoprecipitation of the three proteins using specific antibodies followed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that they were able to bind c-
myc
mRNA. c-
myc
–IRES-mediated translation from the reporter vector was stimulated by cotransfection of plasmids encoding PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK. Interestingly, the mutated version of the c-
myc
IRES that is prevalent in patients with multiple myeloma bound hnRNPK more efficiently
in vitro
and was stimulated by hnRNPK to a greater extent
in vivo
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-9232</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5594</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206645</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12970749</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ONCNES</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>5' Untranslated region ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Biochemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bone marrow ; c-myc gene ; c-Myc protein ; Cell Biology ; Cell physiology ; Cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Action of oncogenes and antioncogenes ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Electrophoretic mobility ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; HeLa Cells ; Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 ; Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein K ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - genetics ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - metabolism ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - genetics ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - metabolism ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Internal Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Molecular Biology - methods ; Multigene Family ; Multiple myeloma ; Multiple Myeloma - genetics ; Mutation ; Myc protein ; Oncology ; original-paper ; Plasmids ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Ribonucleic acid ; Ribosomes - genetics ; Ribosomes - metabolism ; RNA ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ; Transcription Factors ; Translation ; Ultraviolet Rays</subject><ispartof>Oncogene, 2003-09, Vol.22 (39), p.8012-8020</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2003</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 11, 2003</rights><rights>Nature Publishing Group 2003.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c690t-59c4a19b53f19f8ea0c0e5944f773dd0d411a7a3202621e81ae7365f5d95240e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c690t-59c4a19b53f19f8ea0c0e5944f773dd0d411a7a3202621e81ae7365f5d95240e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15114711$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15266878$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970749$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Evans, Joanne R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Sally A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spriggs, Keith A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostrowski, Jerzy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bomsztyk, Karol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostarek, Dirk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willis, Anne E</creatorcontrib><title>Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo</title><title>Oncogene</title><addtitle>Oncogene</addtitle><addtitle>Oncogene</addtitle><description>The 5′ untranslated region of the proto-oncogene c-
myc
contains an internal ribosome entry segment and c-Myc translation can be initiated by cap-independent as well as cap-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the process of cap-dependent initiation, the
trans
-acting factor requirements for cellular internal ribosome entry are poorly understood. Here, we show that members of the poly (rC) binding protein family, poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1), poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and hnRNPK were able to activate the IRES
in vitro
up to threefold when added in combination with upstream of N-ras and unr-interacting protein. The interactions of PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK with c-
myc
-IRES-RNA were shown to be specific by ultraviolet crosslinking analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, while immunoprecipitation of the three proteins using specific antibodies followed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that they were able to bind c-
myc
mRNA. c-
myc
–IRES-mediated translation from the reporter vector was stimulated by cotransfection of plasmids encoding PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK. Interestingly, the mutated version of the c-
myc
IRES that is prevalent in patients with multiple myeloma bound hnRNPK more efficiently
in vitro
and was stimulated by hnRNPK to a greater extent
in vivo
.</description><subject>5' Untranslated region</subject><subject>5' Untranslated Regions</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Binding Sites</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>c-myc gene</subject><subject>c-Myc protein</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Cell physiology</subject><subject>Cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Action of oncogenes and antioncogenes</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins</subject><subject>Electrophoretic mobility</subject><subject>Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>HeLa Cells</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein K</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - genetics</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - metabolism</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - genetics</subject><subject>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoprecipitation</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular Biology - methods</subject><subject>Multigene Family</subject><subject>Multiple myeloma</subject><subject>Multiple Myeloma - genetics</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Myc protein</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>original-paper</subject><subject>Plasmids</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Protein Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism</subject><subject>Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Ribosomes - genetics</subject><subject>Ribosomes - metabolism</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA-Binding Proteins</subject><subject>RNA-directed DNA polymerase</subject><subject>Transcription Factors</subject><subject>Translation</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays</subject><issn>0950-9232</issn><issn>1476-5594</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0luLEzEUB_AgitutvvooQVH0Ybq5TiaPS1kvsOKLPg9p5qSmzCQ1SRf6DfzYprZaEJZlHuZyfv_MOXAQekHJghLeXeXNIga7oIy0rZCP0IwK1TZSavEYzYiWpNGMswt0mfOGEKI0YU_RBWVaESX0DP36AtMKUsbR4fID8DaOe_wuLd_jlQ-DD2u8TbGAD9iZyddaLn7ajabAH25s8Xe-7P_GbTPtLfahQApmxMmvYo4TYAgl1Sysp_pU67iGUsQmDMeXu_gMPXFmzPD8dJ-j7x9uvi0_NbdfP35eXt82ttWkNFJbYaheSe6odh0YYgnUaYVTig8DGQSlRhnOCGsZhY4aULyVTg5aMkGAz9Hb47l1rp87yKWffLYwjiZA3OW-as4Flw9C2mkpScVz9Po_uIm7w_i5Z62gnImu1VW9ulcxdUCaVLQ4orUZoffBxZKMrdcAk7cxgPP1-3X9NVWC1E7_BWyKOSdw_Tb5yaR9T0l_WJA-b_q6IP1pQWrg5amN3WqC4cxPG1HBmxMw2ZrRJROsz2cnWdt2qnvY0bqJlFZ3dXS5lsIa0nnue1r8DWhb32o</recordid><startdate>20030911</startdate><enddate>20030911</enddate><creator>Evans, Joanne R</creator><creator>Mitchell, Sally A</creator><creator>Spriggs, Keith A</creator><creator>Ostrowski, Jerzy</creator><creator>Bomsztyk, Karol</creator><creator>Ostarek, Dirk</creator><creator>Willis, Anne E</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030911</creationdate><title>Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo</title><author>Evans, Joanne R ; Mitchell, Sally A ; Spriggs, Keith A ; Ostrowski, Jerzy ; Bomsztyk, Karol ; Ostarek, Dirk ; Willis, Anne E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c690t-59c4a19b53f19f8ea0c0e5944f773dd0d411a7a3202621e81ae7365f5d95240e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>5' Untranslated region</topic><topic>5' Untranslated Regions</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Binding Sites</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>c-myc gene</topic><topic>c-Myc protein</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Cell physiology</topic><topic>Cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Action of oncogenes and antioncogenes</topic><topic>DNA-Binding Proteins</topic><topic>Electrophoretic mobility</topic><topic>Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>HeLa Cells</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein K</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - genetics</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - metabolism</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - genetics</topic><topic>Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoprecipitation</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular Biology - methods</topic><topic>Multigene Family</topic><topic>Multiple myeloma</topic><topic>Multiple Myeloma - genetics</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Myc protein</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>original-paper</topic><topic>Plasmids</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Protein Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism</topic><topic>Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>Ribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Ribosomes - genetics</topic><topic>Ribosomes - metabolism</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA-Binding Proteins</topic><topic>RNA-directed DNA polymerase</topic><topic>Transcription Factors</topic><topic>Translation</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Evans, Joanne R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitchell, Sally A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spriggs, Keith A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostrowski, Jerzy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bomsztyk, Karol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ostarek, Dirk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Willis, Anne E</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Oncogene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Evans, Joanne R</au><au>Mitchell, Sally A</au><au>Spriggs, Keith A</au><au>Ostrowski, Jerzy</au><au>Bomsztyk, Karol</au><au>Ostarek, Dirk</au><au>Willis, Anne E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo</atitle><jtitle>Oncogene</jtitle><stitle>Oncogene</stitle><addtitle>Oncogene</addtitle><date>2003-09-11</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>39</issue><spage>8012</spage><epage>8020</epage><pages>8012-8020</pages><issn>0950-9232</issn><eissn>1476-5594</eissn><coden>ONCNES</coden><abstract>The 5′ untranslated region of the proto-oncogene c-
myc
contains an internal ribosome entry segment and c-Myc translation can be initiated by cap-independent as well as cap-dependent mechanisms. In contrast to the process of cap-dependent initiation, the
trans
-acting factor requirements for cellular internal ribosome entry are poorly understood. Here, we show that members of the poly (rC) binding protein family, poly (rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1), poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) and hnRNPK were able to activate the IRES
in vitro
up to threefold when added in combination with upstream of N-ras and unr-interacting protein. The interactions of PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK with c-
myc
-IRES-RNA were shown to be specific by ultraviolet crosslinking analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, while immunoprecipitation of the three proteins using specific antibodies followed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that they were able to bind c-
myc
mRNA. c-
myc
–IRES-mediated translation from the reporter vector was stimulated by cotransfection of plasmids encoding PCBP1, PCBP2 and hnRNPK. Interestingly, the mutated version of the c-
myc
IRES that is prevalent in patients with multiple myeloma bound hnRNPK more efficiently
in vitro
and was stimulated by hnRNPK to a greater extent
in vivo
.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>12970749</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.onc.1206645</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Nature; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | 5' Untranslated region 5' Untranslated Regions Apoptosis Binding Sites Biochemistry Biological and medical sciences Bone marrow c-myc gene c-Myc protein Cell Biology Cell physiology Cell transformation and carcinogenesis. Action of oncogenes and antioncogenes DNA-Binding Proteins Electrophoretic mobility Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology HeLa Cells Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 Heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein K Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - genetics Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K - metabolism Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - genetics Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins - metabolism Human Genetics Humans Immunoprecipitation Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Molecular and cellular biology Molecular Biology - methods Multigene Family Multiple myeloma Multiple Myeloma - genetics Mutation Myc protein Oncology original-paper Plasmids Polymerase chain reaction Protein Biosynthesis Proteins Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Ribonucleic acid Ribosomes - genetics Ribosomes - metabolism RNA RNA-Binding Proteins RNA-directed DNA polymerase Transcription Factors Translation Ultraviolet Rays |
title | Members of the poly (rC) binding protein family stimulate the activity of the c-myc internal ribosome entry segment in vitro and in vivo |
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