A thraustochytrid protist isolated from Mercenaria mercenaria: molecular characterization and host defense responses
A previously undescribed thraustochytrid protist, designated C9G, was isolated from the gills of a clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sequence data analysis showed C9G to be related to the clam pathogen QPX, quahog parasite unknown; however, it is not enveloped by...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fish & shellfish immunology 2003-09, Vol.15 (3), p.183-194 |
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| creator | Anderson, Robert S. Kraus, Brenda S. McGladdery, Sharon E. Reece, Kimberly S. Stokes, Nancy A. |
| description | A previously undescribed thraustochytrid protist, designated C9G, was isolated from the gills of a clam,
Mercenaria mercenaria, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sequence data analysis showed C9G to be related to the clam pathogen QPX, quahog parasite unknown; however, it is not enveloped by secreted mucoid material as is the case for QPX. Clam hemocytes recognized and phagocytized C9G in vitro in the absence of plasma recognition factors. Hemocytes were also capable of killing ingested C9G, as shown by the use of a tetrazolium reduction viability assay. The mechanisms underlying intracellular antimicrobial activity are not yet established, but no detectable cytotoxic reactive oxygen species were generated during phagocytosis of C9G. Clam plasma proteins were shown to inhibit C9G growth at concentrations similar to those in unfractionated hemolymph. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00157-2 |
| format | Article |
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Mercenaria mercenaria, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sequence data analysis showed C9G to be related to the clam pathogen QPX, quahog parasite unknown; however, it is not enveloped by secreted mucoid material as is the case for QPX. Clam hemocytes recognized and phagocytized C9G in vitro in the absence of plasma recognition factors. Hemocytes were also capable of killing ingested C9G, as shown by the use of a tetrazolium reduction viability assay. The mechanisms underlying intracellular antimicrobial activity are not yet established, but no detectable cytotoxic reactive oxygen species were generated during phagocytosis of C9G. Clam plasma proteins were shown to inhibit C9G growth at concentrations similar to those in unfractionated hemolymph.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-4648</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9947</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00157-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12892741</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibacterial responses ; Base Sequence ; Bivalvia - immunology ; Bivalvia - parasitology ; C9G ; Defense responses ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Eukaryota - genetics ; Eukaryota - isolation & purification ; Hemocytes - immunology ; Immunity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Luminescent Measurements ; Mercenaria mercenaria ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitroblue Tetrazolium - metabolism ; Nova Scotia ; Parasite ; Phagocytosis - immunology ; Phylogeny ; QPX ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Small subunit ribosomal DNA ; Thraustochytrid ; Thraustochytridae</subject><ispartof>Fish & shellfish immunology, 2003-09, Vol.15 (3), p.183-194</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier Science Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e03a19129992419cd99862faca9a4a818e43a8252887a6838514e4a9f5b5ec863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e03a19129992419cd99862faca9a4a818e43a8252887a6838514e4a9f5b5ec863</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1050464802001572$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12892741$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Robert S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraus, Brenda S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGladdery, Sharon E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reece, Kimberly S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stokes, Nancy A.</creatorcontrib><title>A thraustochytrid protist isolated from Mercenaria mercenaria: molecular characterization and host defense responses</title><title>Fish & shellfish immunology</title><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><description>A previously undescribed thraustochytrid protist, designated C9G, was isolated from the gills of a clam,
Mercenaria mercenaria, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sequence data analysis showed C9G to be related to the clam pathogen QPX, quahog parasite unknown; however, it is not enveloped by secreted mucoid material as is the case for QPX. Clam hemocytes recognized and phagocytized C9G in vitro in the absence of plasma recognition factors. Hemocytes were also capable of killing ingested C9G, as shown by the use of a tetrazolium reduction viability assay. The mechanisms underlying intracellular antimicrobial activity are not yet established, but no detectable cytotoxic reactive oxygen species were generated during phagocytosis of C9G. Clam plasma proteins were shown to inhibit C9G growth at concentrations similar to those in unfractionated hemolymph.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibacterial responses</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Bivalvia - immunology</subject><subject>Bivalvia - parasitology</subject><subject>C9G</subject><subject>Defense responses</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Eukaryota - genetics</subject><subject>Eukaryota - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Hemocytes - immunology</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Luminescent Measurements</subject><subject>Mercenaria mercenaria</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Nitroblue Tetrazolium - metabolism</subject><subject>Nova Scotia</subject><subject>Parasite</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - immunology</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>QPX</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species</subject><subject>Small subunit ribosomal DNA</subject><subject>Thraustochytrid</subject><subject>Thraustochytridae</subject><issn>1050-4648</issn><issn>1095-9947</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtP3TAQhS1UxKv9CSCvqrJIGTt2YrNBCPUlgbpou7YGZ6JrlMQX26kEv7653KuyZDVn8Z0ZzTmMnQr4LEA0F78EaKhUo8wnkOcAQreV3GNHAqyurFXtu43eIYfsOOcHAGjqBg7YoZDGylaJI1aueVklnHOJfvVUUuj4OsUScuEhxwELdbxPceR3lDxNmALy8b-85GMcyM8DJu5XmNAXSuEZS4gTx6njq7gs6qinKRNPlNdxEfk92-9xyPRhN0_Yn69fft98r25_fvtxc31b-drKUhHUKKyQ1lqphPWdtaaRPXq0qNAIQ6pGI7U0psXG1EYLRQptr-81edPUJ-zjdu_y0uNMubgxZE_DgBPFObu2Xrwt6DdBYUyjoN6Aegv6FHNO1Lt1CiOmJyfAbXpxL724TegOpHvpxcnFd7Y7MN-P1L26dkUswNUWoCWPv4GSyz7Q5KkLiXxxXQxvnPgH0FqeqA</recordid><startdate>20030901</startdate><enddate>20030901</enddate><creator>Anderson, Robert S.</creator><creator>Kraus, Brenda S.</creator><creator>McGladdery, Sharon E.</creator><creator>Reece, Kimberly S.</creator><creator>Stokes, Nancy A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030901</creationdate><title>A thraustochytrid protist isolated from Mercenaria mercenaria: molecular characterization and host defense responses</title><author>Anderson, Robert S. ; Kraus, Brenda S. ; McGladdery, Sharon E. ; Reece, Kimberly S. ; Stokes, Nancy A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-e03a19129992419cd99862faca9a4a818e43a8252887a6838514e4a9f5b5ec863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibacterial responses</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Bivalvia - immunology</topic><topic>Bivalvia - parasitology</topic><topic>C9G</topic><topic>Defense responses</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>Eukaryota - genetics</topic><topic>Eukaryota - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Hemocytes - immunology</topic><topic>Immunity</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>Luminescent Measurements</topic><topic>Mercenaria mercenaria</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Nitroblue Tetrazolium - metabolism</topic><topic>Nova Scotia</topic><topic>Parasite</topic><topic>Phagocytosis - immunology</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>QPX</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species</topic><topic>Small subunit ribosomal DNA</topic><topic>Thraustochytrid</topic><topic>Thraustochytridae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Anderson, Robert S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kraus, Brenda S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGladdery, Sharon E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reece, Kimberly S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stokes, Nancy A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Anderson, Robert S.</au><au>Kraus, Brenda S.</au><au>McGladdery, Sharon E.</au><au>Reece, Kimberly S.</au><au>Stokes, Nancy A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A thraustochytrid protist isolated from Mercenaria mercenaria: molecular characterization and host defense responses</atitle><jtitle>Fish & shellfish immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Fish Shellfish Immunol</addtitle><date>2003-09-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>183</spage><epage>194</epage><pages>183-194</pages><issn>1050-4648</issn><eissn>1095-9947</eissn><abstract>A previously undescribed thraustochytrid protist, designated C9G, was isolated from the gills of a clam,
Mercenaria mercenaria, collected from the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Sequence data analysis showed C9G to be related to the clam pathogen QPX, quahog parasite unknown; however, it is not enveloped by secreted mucoid material as is the case for QPX. Clam hemocytes recognized and phagocytized C9G in vitro in the absence of plasma recognition factors. Hemocytes were also capable of killing ingested C9G, as shown by the use of a tetrazolium reduction viability assay. The mechanisms underlying intracellular antimicrobial activity are not yet established, but no detectable cytotoxic reactive oxygen species were generated during phagocytosis of C9G. Clam plasma proteins were shown to inhibit C9G growth at concentrations similar to those in unfractionated hemolymph.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>12892741</pmid><doi>10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00157-2</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Antibacterial responses Base Sequence Bivalvia - immunology Bivalvia - parasitology C9G Defense responses DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Eukaryota - genetics Eukaryota - isolation & purification Hemocytes - immunology Immunity In Vitro Techniques Luminescent Measurements Mercenaria mercenaria Molecular Sequence Data Nitroblue Tetrazolium - metabolism Nova Scotia Parasite Phagocytosis - immunology Phylogeny QPX Reactive Oxygen Species Small subunit ribosomal DNA Thraustochytrid Thraustochytridae |
| title | A thraustochytrid protist isolated from Mercenaria mercenaria: molecular characterization and host defense responses |
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