Withdrawing or discontinuing chronic dialysis in adult patients

Dialysis treatment leads chronic uremic patients to a prolonged survival; incidence and prevalence of dialysis patients are increasing, the population is getting older and many comorbidities coexist, such as diabetes, heart diseases, vasculopathies, neoplasia. The question often arises of whether to start or continue dialysis treatment in compromised patients. Withdrawing and/or discontinuing dialysis represents a therapeutic option with different ratios among countries, due to various cultural, religious, legal and social aspects. Italy shows a low prevalence, but a future increase is likely to appear. The crucial issue is the doctor-patient relationship: thanks to recent legal regulations, the patient has started to play an active role in the therapeutic decision making, by signing or not the informed consent regarding the therapeutic options suggested. In the Piemonte Region we evaluated the behavior of the nephrology operating units, through a consultant- and head nurses team-oriented survey. Most interviewees assert that starting a dialysis treatment is not always mandatory for every patient. The choice of per-forming dialysis should always be based on patient informed consent and in agreement with the physician in charge, the family and the patient himself. It is fundamental to choose to discontinue dialysis consistently with patients' prognosis and their concept of quality of life. It is mostly believed to be a legal and deontological duty to continue dialysis treatment, should any clear patient's will declaration lack.