Perfluorinated Phosphonic Acids in Canadian Surface Waters and Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent: Discovery of a New Class of Perfluorinated Acids
The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluoro...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2009-10, Vol.28 (10), p.2101-2107 |
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| creator | D'eon, Jessica C Crozier, Patrick W Furdui, Vasile I Reiner, Eric J Libelo, E. Laurence Mabury, Scott A |
| description | The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were included in the analysis. Water samples were extracted using weak anion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids were observed in 80% of surface water samples and in six of the seven WWTP effluent samples. The C8-PFPA was observed at concentrations ranging from 88 ± 33 to 3,400 ± 900 pg/L in surface waters and from 760 ± 270 to 2,500 ± 320 pg/L in WWTP effluent. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of PFPAs in the environment. Given their structural similarities with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFPAs are expected to be persistent. The observation of PFPAs in the majority of samples analyzed here suggests they are prevalent environmental contaminants and should be considered in future environmental monitoring campaigns to better understand the total burden of fluorinated materials in the environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1897/09-048.1 |
| format | Article |
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Laurence ; Mabury, Scott A</creator><creatorcontrib>D'eon, Jessica C ; Crozier, Patrick W ; Furdui, Vasile I ; Reiner, Eric J ; Libelo, E. Laurence ; Mabury, Scott A</creatorcontrib><description>The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were included in the analysis. Water samples were extracted using weak anion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids were observed in 80% of surface water samples and in six of the seven WWTP effluent samples. The C8-PFPA was observed at concentrations ranging from 88 ± 33 to 3,400 ± 900 pg/L in surface waters and from 760 ± 270 to 2,500 ± 320 pg/L in WWTP effluent. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of PFPAs in the environment. Given their structural similarities with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFPAs are expected to be persistent. The observation of PFPAs in the majority of samples analyzed here suggests they are prevalent environmental contaminants and should be considered in future environmental monitoring campaigns to better understand the total burden of fluorinated materials in the environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-7268</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-8618</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1897/09-048.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19463027</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Periodicals, Inc</publisher><subject>anion exchange ; Canada ; Carboxylic acids ; Carboxylic Acids - analysis ; class ; ecotoxicology ; Effluent standards ; Environmental Monitoring ; Life sciences ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Microbiology ; Natural resources ; Organophosphonates - analysis ; Perfluorinated acids ; Perfluorinated phosphonic acids ; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; Pesticides ; pollutants ; pollution ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Sulfonic Acids - analysis ; Surface water ; Surfactants ; Time Factors ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Wastewater ; wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; water pollution ; water quality</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2009-10, Vol.28 (10), p.2101-2107</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 SETAC</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Publishing Services Oct 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5761-2f44374c4ff1f947f813f6a435404aed6e91ea5705a1b86bc888877a3344ef4e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5761-2f44374c4ff1f947f813f6a435404aed6e91ea5705a1b86bc888877a3344ef4e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897%2F09-048.1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1897%2F09-048.1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463027$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>D'eon, Jessica C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crozier, Patrick W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furdui, Vasile I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiner, Eric J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libelo, E. Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mabury, Scott A</creatorcontrib><title>Perfluorinated Phosphonic Acids in Canadian Surface Waters and Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent: Discovery of a New Class of Perfluorinated Acids</title><title>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</title><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><description>The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were included in the analysis. Water samples were extracted using weak anion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids were observed in 80% of surface water samples and in six of the seven WWTP effluent samples. The C8-PFPA was observed at concentrations ranging from 88 ± 33 to 3,400 ± 900 pg/L in surface waters and from 760 ± 270 to 2,500 ± 320 pg/L in WWTP effluent. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of PFPAs in the environment. Given their structural similarities with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFPAs are expected to be persistent. The observation of PFPAs in the majority of samples analyzed here suggests they are prevalent environmental contaminants and should be considered in future environmental monitoring campaigns to better understand the total burden of fluorinated materials in the environment.</description><subject>anion exchange</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Carboxylic acids</subject><subject>Carboxylic Acids - analysis</subject><subject>class</subject><subject>ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Effluent standards</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Organophosphonates - analysis</subject><subject>Perfluorinated acids</subject><subject>Perfluorinated phosphonic acids</subject><subject>Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>pollutants</subject><subject>pollution</subject><subject>Quality Control</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Solid Phase Extraction</subject><subject>Sulfonic Acids - analysis</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Surfactants</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>wastewater treatment</subject><subject>Wastewater treatment plants</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>water pollution</subject><subject>water quality</subject><issn>0730-7268</issn><issn>1552-8618</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kttuEzEQhi0EoqEg8QRgcQHcbPH50LsqlIBUlahp6aXl7Np0y2Y32LuEvAcPzKSJqFSJzIXtkb75ZzT-EXpJyRE1Vn8gtiDCHNFHaESlZIVR1DxGI6I5KTRT5gA9y_mWEKqstU_RAbVCccL0CP2ZhhSboUt16_tQ4elNl5c3XVuX-KSsq4zrFo9966vat3g2pOjLgK8BTRn7toJn7sNqk-PLFHy_CG2Pp42H8zSCMKTH-GOdy-5XSGvcRezxeVjhceNz3qQP-t81fY6eRN_k8GJ3H6KrT6eX48_F2dfJl_HJWVFKrWjBohBci1LESKMVOhrKo_KCS0GED5UKlgYvNZGezo2alwZCa8-5ECGKwA_Ru63uMnU_h5B7t4BJQwPjh27ITnPBGGGWAPl2L8kV7F0IA-D7_SCVgklh7tD9mozCNxFrAXzzALzthtTCZoAhHIKJ-8Zl6nJOIbplqhc-rR0lbmMSR6wDkzgK6Kud3jBfhOoe3LkCAL4FVnUT1v8VcsBIBQsylNCNbLGtqsESv_9V-fTDKc21dNfnE_dNzyb6glw4DvzrLR995_z3VGd3NWOEckI1YyDK_wKqItzg</recordid><startdate>200910</startdate><enddate>200910</enddate><creator>D'eon, Jessica C</creator><creator>Crozier, Patrick W</creator><creator>Furdui, Vasile I</creator><creator>Reiner, Eric J</creator><creator>Libelo, E. 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Laurence</au><au>Mabury, Scott A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Perfluorinated Phosphonic Acids in Canadian Surface Waters and Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent: Discovery of a New Class of Perfluorinated Acids</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><date>2009-10</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2101</spage><epage>2107</epage><pages>2101-2107</pages><issn>0730-7268</issn><eissn>1552-8618</eissn><abstract>The environmental prevalence of a new class of perfluorinated acids, the perfluorinated phosphonic acids (PFPAs), was determined in Canadian surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. For quality control and comparison, the C8- to C11-perfluorinated carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid were included in the analysis. Water samples were extracted using weak anion-exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges. Perfluorinated phosphonic acids were observed in 80% of surface water samples and in six of the seven WWTP effluent samples. The C8-PFPA was observed at concentrations ranging from 88 ± 33 to 3,400 ± 900 pg/L in surface waters and from 760 ± 270 to 2,500 ± 320 pg/L in WWTP effluent. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of PFPAs in the environment. Given their structural similarities with perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids, PFPAs are expected to be persistent. The observation of PFPAs in the majority of samples analyzed here suggests they are prevalent environmental contaminants and should be considered in future environmental monitoring campaigns to better understand the total burden of fluorinated materials in the environment.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</pub><pmid>19463027</pmid><doi>10.1897/09-048.1</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | anion exchange Canada Carboxylic acids Carboxylic Acids - analysis class ecotoxicology Effluent standards Environmental Monitoring Life sciences Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Microbiology Natural resources Organophosphonates - analysis Perfluorinated acids Perfluorinated phosphonic acids Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Pesticides pollutants pollution Quality Control Reproducibility of Results Solid Phase Extraction Sulfonic Acids - analysis Surface water Surfactants Time Factors Waste Disposal, Fluid Wastewater wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plants Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis water pollution water quality |
| title | Perfluorinated Phosphonic Acids in Canadian Surface Waters and Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent: Discovery of a New Class of Perfluorinated Acids |
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