Dietary Patterns are Linked to Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Not to Inflammatory Markers in Alaska Eskimos
Despite the tradition of a diet high in fish oils and abundant physical activity, coronary artery disease is increasing among Alaska Eskimos. Explanations for this observation include lifestyle changes. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos and investigate...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of nutrition 2009-12, Vol.139 (12), p.2322-2328 |
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| creator | Eilat-Adar, Sigal Mete, Mihriye Nobmann, Elizabeth D Xu, Jiaqiong Fabsitz, Richard R Ebbesson, Sven O.E Howard, Barbara V |
| description | Despite the tradition of a diet high in fish oils and abundant physical activity, coronary artery disease is increasing among Alaska Eskimos. Explanations for this observation include lifestyle changes. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos and investigated the relations between these dietary patterns and known cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers. We used a principal component analysis with data from FFQ collected in 2000-2004 to determine dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos. Four dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern, plus 3 patterns based on purchased food, one of which reflected healthy food choices. The traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower triglycerides (P < 0.001) and blood pressure (P = 0.04) and slightly higher LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.05). Whereas the healthy purchased diet was associated with a trend toward lower LDL-C (P = 0.09), the beverages and sweets diet was positively associated with LDL-C (P = 0.02). Diet pattern was not associated with inflammatory markers or pathogen burden. Our data show that the traditional diet is related to a better profile of cardiovascular disease risk factors and should be encouraged. Programs are needed to encourage the availability of healthy food choices for those not able to obtain traditional foods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3945/jn.109.110387 |
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Explanations for this observation include lifestyle changes. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos and investigated the relations between these dietary patterns and known cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers. We used a principal component analysis with data from FFQ collected in 2000-2004 to determine dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos. Four dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern, plus 3 patterns based on purchased food, one of which reflected healthy food choices. The traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower triglycerides (P < 0.001) and blood pressure (P = 0.04) and slightly higher LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.05). Whereas the healthy purchased diet was associated with a trend toward lower LDL-C (P = 0.09), the beverages and sweets diet was positively associated with LDL-C (P = 0.02). Diet pattern was not associated with inflammatory markers or pathogen burden. Our data show that the traditional diet is related to a better profile of cardiovascular disease risk factors and should be encouraged. Programs are needed to encourage the availability of healthy food choices for those not able to obtain traditional foods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3166</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-6100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.110387</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19828690</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Nutrition</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Alaska - epidemiology ; Alaska Natives ; beverages ; biomarkers ; blood lipids ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Cholesterol, LDL - blood ; cross-sectional studies ; diet ; epidemiological studies ; Eskimos ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fibrinogen - metabolism ; fish oils ; food choices ; health status ; human diseases ; Humans ; inflammation ; Inflammation - epidemiology ; Inuit - statistics & numerical data ; low density lipoprotein ; Male ; Nutritional Epidemiology ; processed foods ; Risk Factors ; risk groups ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; sweets ; traditional foods ; triacylglycerols ; Triglycerides - blood</subject><ispartof>The Journal of nutrition, 2009-12, Vol.139 (12), p.2322-2328</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009, American Society for Nutrition 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828690$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eilat-Adar, Sigal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mete, Mihriye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nobmann, Elizabeth D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jiaqiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabsitz, Richard R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebbesson, Sven O.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Barbara V</creatorcontrib><title>Dietary Patterns are Linked to Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Not to Inflammatory Markers in Alaska Eskimos</title><title>The Journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><description>Despite the tradition of a diet high in fish oils and abundant physical activity, coronary artery disease is increasing among Alaska Eskimos. Explanations for this observation include lifestyle changes. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos and investigated the relations between these dietary patterns and known cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers. We used a principal component analysis with data from FFQ collected in 2000-2004 to determine dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos. Four dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern, plus 3 patterns based on purchased food, one of which reflected healthy food choices. The traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower triglycerides (P < 0.001) and blood pressure (P = 0.04) and slightly higher LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.05). Whereas the healthy purchased diet was associated with a trend toward lower LDL-C (P = 0.09), the beverages and sweets diet was positively associated with LDL-C (P = 0.02). Diet pattern was not associated with inflammatory markers or pathogen burden. Our data show that the traditional diet is related to a better profile of cardiovascular disease risk factors and should be encouraged. Programs are needed to encourage the availability of healthy food choices for those not able to obtain traditional foods.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alaska - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alaska Natives</subject><subject>beverages</subject><subject>biomarkers</subject><subject>blood lipids</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Cholesterol, LDL - blood</subject><subject>cross-sectional studies</subject><subject>diet</subject><subject>epidemiological studies</subject><subject>Eskimos</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibrinogen - metabolism</subject><subject>fish oils</subject><subject>food choices</subject><subject>health status</subject><subject>human diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - epidemiology</subject><subject>Inuit - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Nutritional Epidemiology</subject><subject>processed foods</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>risk groups</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>sweets</subject><subject>traditional foods</subject><subject>triacylglycerols</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><issn>0022-3166</issn><issn>1541-6100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkM1P3DAQxa2qVVloj70W3zhlmYnjOL4goS20SNuC2nK2ZhObmnyY2g4S_32DoBW9zEjzfnpP8xj7gLAWupLHt9MaQa8RQTTqFVuhrLCoEeA1WwGUZSGwrvfYfkq3AICVbt6yPdRN2dQaVmz45G2m-MCvKGcbp8QpWr71U287ngPfUOx8uKfUzgNF_t2nnp9Tm0NMfDdn_i3kR-xicgONIy33B_6VYm8X3U_8dKDUEz9LvR9DesfeOBqSff-8D9j1-dnPzZdie_n5YnO6LVzZ6FwsYyfBaZSIVmnqSDolrOzAksNy1zhU6LBxSna2lgR13TlNVWt1p4QmccBOnnzv5t1ou9ZOOdJg7qIfl1dNIG_-Vyb_y9yEe1MqpSrVLAZHzwYx_J5tymb0qbXDQJMNczJKVI89C7WQH19G_cv42_ACHD4BjoKhm-iTuf5RAgpABbKSWvwBdIOI6Q</recordid><startdate>20091201</startdate><enddate>20091201</enddate><creator>Eilat-Adar, Sigal</creator><creator>Mete, Mihriye</creator><creator>Nobmann, Elizabeth D</creator><creator>Xu, Jiaqiong</creator><creator>Fabsitz, Richard R</creator><creator>Ebbesson, Sven O.E</creator><creator>Howard, Barbara V</creator><general>American Society for Nutrition</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091201</creationdate><title>Dietary Patterns are Linked to Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Not to Inflammatory Markers in Alaska Eskimos</title><author>Eilat-Adar, Sigal ; Mete, Mihriye ; Nobmann, Elizabeth D ; Xu, Jiaqiong ; Fabsitz, Richard R ; Ebbesson, Sven O.E ; Howard, Barbara V</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-f289t-289b50f91511e79ada5f73e5d0eaf12b8f171f18f75de65a066df9a4ce9d739a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alaska - epidemiology</topic><topic>Alaska Natives</topic><topic>beverages</topic><topic>biomarkers</topic><topic>blood lipids</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</topic><topic>Cholesterol, LDL - blood</topic><topic>cross-sectional studies</topic><topic>diet</topic><topic>epidemiological studies</topic><topic>Eskimos</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibrinogen - metabolism</topic><topic>fish oils</topic><topic>food choices</topic><topic>health status</topic><topic>human diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - epidemiology</topic><topic>Inuit - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>low density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Nutritional Epidemiology</topic><topic>processed foods</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>risk groups</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>sweets</topic><topic>traditional foods</topic><topic>triacylglycerols</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eilat-Adar, Sigal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mete, Mihriye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nobmann, Elizabeth D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jiaqiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabsitz, Richard R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ebbesson, Sven O.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Barbara V</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eilat-Adar, Sigal</au><au>Mete, Mihriye</au><au>Nobmann, Elizabeth D</au><au>Xu, Jiaqiong</au><au>Fabsitz, Richard R</au><au>Ebbesson, Sven O.E</au><au>Howard, Barbara V</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dietary Patterns are Linked to Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Not to Inflammatory Markers in Alaska Eskimos</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><date>2009-12-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>139</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2322</spage><epage>2328</epage><pages>2322-2328</pages><issn>0022-3166</issn><eissn>1541-6100</eissn><abstract>Despite the tradition of a diet high in fish oils and abundant physical activity, coronary artery disease is increasing among Alaska Eskimos. Explanations for this observation include lifestyle changes. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos and investigated the relations between these dietary patterns and known cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory markers. We used a principal component analysis with data from FFQ collected in 2000-2004 to determine dietary patterns of Alaska Eskimos. Four dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern, plus 3 patterns based on purchased food, one of which reflected healthy food choices. The traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower triglycerides (P < 0.001) and blood pressure (P = 0.04) and slightly higher LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.05). Whereas the healthy purchased diet was associated with a trend toward lower LDL-C (P = 0.09), the beverages and sweets diet was positively associated with LDL-C (P = 0.02). Diet pattern was not associated with inflammatory markers or pathogen burden. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Alaska - epidemiology Alaska Natives beverages biomarkers blood lipids Blood Pressure Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein - metabolism cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cholesterol, LDL - blood cross-sectional studies diet epidemiological studies Eskimos Feeding Behavior Female Fibrinogen - metabolism fish oils food choices health status human diseases Humans inflammation Inflammation - epidemiology Inuit - statistics & numerical data low density lipoprotein Male Nutritional Epidemiology processed foods Risk Factors risk groups Surveys and Questionnaires sweets traditional foods triacylglycerols Triglycerides - blood |
| title | Dietary Patterns are Linked to Cardiovascular Risk Factors but Not to Inflammatory Markers in Alaska Eskimos |
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