Phosphorus budget in the low-income, peri-urban area of Kibera in Nairobi (Kenya)
Kibera, located in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest (235,000 inhabitants) low-income areas in East Africa. Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. Th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 2009-01, Vol.60 (10), p.2669-2676 |
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| creator | Kelderman, P Koech, D K Gumbo, B O'Keeffe, J |
| description | Kibera, located in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest (235,000 inhabitants) low-income areas in East Africa. Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. The different P production and consumption values in Kibera were estimated using interviews (155 interviewed) as well as detailed P house-keeping for five representative families. The results show that highest P consumption comes from food, in particular cereals. Highest P production came from urine (55% of the total) and faeces (31%), with relatively lower contributions from grey water and solid wastes. The overall P budget in Kibera amounted to around 9 x 10(3) kg P/month. This is equivalent to 0.47 g P/person yr, both for P production and consumption, with a relative error of 20%. Comparing with the estimated P outflows via the Kibera surface waters, around 65% of the P produced in Kibera will leave the area. In future ECOSAN techniques such as urine separation could well be applied for efficient recycling of these waste sources. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wst.2009.701 |
| format | Article |
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Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. The different P production and consumption values in Kibera were estimated using interviews (155 interviewed) as well as detailed P house-keeping for five representative families. The results show that highest P consumption comes from food, in particular cereals. Highest P production came from urine (55% of the total) and faeces (31%), with relatively lower contributions from grey water and solid wastes. The overall P budget in Kibera amounted to around 9 x 10(3) kg P/month. This is equivalent to 0.47 g P/person yr, both for P production and consumption, with a relative error of 20%. Comparing with the estimated P outflows via the Kibera surface waters, around 65% of the P produced in Kibera will leave the area. In future ECOSAN techniques such as urine separation could well be applied for efficient recycling of these waste sources.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-9732</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.701</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19923773</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: IWA Publishing</publisher><subject>Cereals ; Conservation of Energy Resources ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Feces - chemistry ; Food Analysis ; Food consumption ; Greywater ; Household Products ; Humans ; Income ; Inhabitants ; Kenya ; Low income areas ; Low income groups ; Phosphorus ; Phosphorus - chemistry ; Pollution levels ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Solid wastes ; Surface water ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban areas ; Urban Population ; Urine ; Urine - chemistry ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Wastewater ; Wastewater discharges ; Water - chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry ; Water pollution ; Water Pollution, Chemical</subject><ispartof>Water science and technology, 2009-01, Vol.60 (10), p.2669-2676</ispartof><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Nov 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c349t-c375a3d0579bd11ec217b6dc4bed5f5341671c3e90a4750c59a4bf63b2dd72083</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19923773$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kelderman, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koech, D K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gumbo, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Keeffe, J</creatorcontrib><title>Phosphorus budget in the low-income, peri-urban area of Kibera in Nairobi (Kenya)</title><title>Water science and technology</title><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><description>Kibera, located in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest (235,000 inhabitants) low-income areas in East Africa. Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. The different P production and consumption values in Kibera were estimated using interviews (155 interviewed) as well as detailed P house-keeping for five representative families. The results show that highest P consumption comes from food, in particular cereals. Highest P production came from urine (55% of the total) and faeces (31%), with relatively lower contributions from grey water and solid wastes. The overall P budget in Kibera amounted to around 9 x 10(3) kg P/month. This is equivalent to 0.47 g P/person yr, both for P production and consumption, with a relative error of 20%. Comparing with the estimated P outflows via the Kibera surface waters, around 65% of the P produced in Kibera will leave the area. In future ECOSAN techniques such as urine separation could well be applied for efficient recycling of these waste sources.</description><subject>Cereals</subject><subject>Conservation of Energy Resources</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Feces - chemistry</subject><subject>Food Analysis</subject><subject>Food consumption</subject><subject>Greywater</subject><subject>Household Products</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Inhabitants</subject><subject>Kenya</subject><subject>Low income areas</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Phosphorus - chemistry</subject><subject>Pollution levels</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Solid wastes</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Urine - chemistry</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater discharges</subject><subject>Water - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kelderman, P</au><au>Koech, D K</au><au>Gumbo, B</au><au>O'Keeffe, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phosphorus budget in the low-income, peri-urban area of Kibera in Nairobi (Kenya)</atitle><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><date>2009-01-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2669</spage><epage>2676</epage><pages>2669-2676</pages><issn>0273-1223</issn><eissn>1996-9732</eissn><abstract>Kibera, located in Nairobi, Kenya is one of the largest (235,000 inhabitants) low-income areas in East Africa. Surface waters in Kibera show high pollution levels with respect to SRP (soluble reactive phosphorus; range: 2-10 mg P/L), coming from the uncontrolled wastewater discharges in the area. The different P production and consumption values in Kibera were estimated using interviews (155 interviewed) as well as detailed P house-keeping for five representative families. The results show that highest P consumption comes from food, in particular cereals. Highest P production came from urine (55% of the total) and faeces (31%), with relatively lower contributions from grey water and solid wastes. The overall P budget in Kibera amounted to around 9 x 10(3) kg P/month. This is equivalent to 0.47 g P/person yr, both for P production and consumption, with a relative error of 20%. Comparing with the estimated P outflows via the Kibera surface waters, around 65% of the P produced in Kibera will leave the area. In future ECOSAN techniques such as urine separation could well be applied for efficient recycling of these waste sources.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>IWA Publishing</pub><pmid>19923773</pmid><doi>10.2166/wst.2009.701</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0273-1223 |
| ispartof | Water science and technology, 2009-01, Vol.60 (10), p.2669-2676 |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Cereals Conservation of Energy Resources Environmental Monitoring - methods Feces - chemistry Food Analysis Food consumption Greywater Household Products Humans Income Inhabitants Kenya Low income areas Low income groups Phosphorus Phosphorus - chemistry Pollution levels Socioeconomic Factors Solid wastes Surface water Surveys and Questionnaires Urban areas Urban Population Urine Urine - chemistry Waste Disposal, Fluid Wastewater Wastewater discharges Water - chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water pollution Water Pollution, Chemical |
| title | Phosphorus budget in the low-income, peri-urban area of Kibera in Nairobi (Kenya) |
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