Timing of muscle activation of the lower limbs can be modulated to maintain a constant pedaling cadence

Abstract This study investigated changes in muscle activity when subjects are asked to maintain a constant cadence during an unloaded condition. Eleven subjects pedaled for five loaded conditions (220 W, 190 W, 160 W, 130 W, 100 W) and one unloaded condition at 80 rpm. Electromyographic (EMG) activi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of electromyography and kinesiology 2009-12, Vol.19 (6), p.1100-1107
Hauptverfasser: Rouffet, David M, Mornieux, Guillaume, Zameziati, Karim, Belli, Alain, Hautier, Christophe A
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container_end_page 1107
container_issue 6
container_start_page 1100
container_title Journal of electromyography and kinesiology
container_volume 19
creator Rouffet, David M
Mornieux, Guillaume
Zameziati, Karim
Belli, Alain
Hautier, Christophe A
description Abstract This study investigated changes in muscle activity when subjects are asked to maintain a constant cadence during an unloaded condition. Eleven subjects pedaled for five loaded conditions (220 W, 190 W, 160 W, 130 W, 100 W) and one unloaded condition at 80 rpm. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of six lower limb muscles, pedal forces and oxygen consumption were calculated for every condition. Muscle activity was defined by timing (EMG onset and offset) and level (integrated values of EMGrms calculated between EMG onset and EMG offset) of activation, while horizontal and vertical impulses were computed to characterize pedal forces. Muscle activity, pedal forces and oxygen consumption variables measured during the unloaded condition were compared with those extrapolated to 0 W from the loaded conditions, assuming a linear relationship. The muscle activity was changed during unloaded condition: EMG onset and/or offset of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, and gluteus maximus muscles were delayed ( p < 0.05); iEMGrms values of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior muscles were higher than those extrapolated to 0 W ( p < 0.05). Vertical impulse over the extension phase was lower ( p < 0.05) while backward horizontal impulse was higher ( p < 0.05) during unloaded condition than those extrapolated to 0 W. Oxygen consumptions were higher during unloaded condition than extrapolated to 0W (750 ± 147 vs. 529 ± 297 mLO2 .min−1 ; p < 0.05). Timing of activation of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was dramatically modified to optimize pedal forces and maintain a constant cadence, while systematic changes in the activation level of the bi-articular muscles induced a relative increase in metabolic expenditure when pedaling during an unloaded condition.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.014
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Timing of activation of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was dramatically modified to optimize pedal forces and maintain a constant cadence, while systematic changes in the activation level of the bi-articular muscles induced a relative increase in metabolic expenditure when pedaling during an unloaded condition.</description><subject>Bi-articular muscles</subject><subject>Bicycling - physiology</subject><subject>EMG</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leg - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolic energy expenditure</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Pedal forces</subject><subject>Physical Exertion - physiology</subject><subject>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Postural Balance - physiology</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Unloaded condition</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1050-6411</issn><issn>1873-5711</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV9rFTEQxYMotlY_gpI3n3ad2f_7okhRWyj4YH0O2WRSs80m1022pd_eLPeC4IuEkCGcOcP8DmNvEUoE7D7M5UyO7q0vK4ChRCwBm2fsHIe-Ltoe8XmuoYWiaxDP2KsYZwDsYYCX7AxHrIehq8_Z3a1drL_jwfBli8oRlyrZB5ls8Ptn-kXchUdaubPLFLmSnk_El6A3JxNpngJfpPUpXy65Cj4m6RM_kJZuN1ZSk1f0mr0w0kV6c3ov2M-vX24vr4qb79-uLz_fFKrBMRVm6vpKGQSjB9TN2IOR0BqZ99F1XnvUbTcYjVU-ChGmscPWKFXjOMiqaesL9v7oe1jD741iEouNipyTnsIWRV83WMPQdlnZHpVqDTGuZMRhtYtcnwSC2BGLWZwQix2xQBQZce57d5qwTQvpv10nplnw6SigvOeDpVVEZXcG2q6kktDB_nfEx38cVGZplXT39ERxDtvqM0SBIlYCxI895z3mHC7gOLb1H0_opEg</recordid><startdate>20091201</startdate><enddate>20091201</enddate><creator>Rouffet, David M</creator><creator>Mornieux, Guillaume</creator><creator>Zameziati, Karim</creator><creator>Belli, Alain</creator><creator>Hautier, Christophe A</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091201</creationdate><title>Timing of muscle activation of the lower limbs can be modulated to maintain a constant pedaling cadence</title><author>Rouffet, David M ; Mornieux, Guillaume ; Zameziati, Karim ; Belli, Alain ; Hautier, Christophe A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-fb672cf10fd81d4970fa05fa711d30169d568fd12121c110b9615fcc3198a2453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Bi-articular muscles</topic><topic>Bicycling - physiology</topic><topic>EMG</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leg - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolic energy expenditure</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Pedal forces</topic><topic>Physical Exertion - physiology</topic><topic>Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Postural Balance - physiology</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Unloaded condition</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rouffet, David M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mornieux, Guillaume</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zameziati, Karim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belli, Alain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hautier, Christophe A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of electromyography and kinesiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rouffet, David M</au><au>Mornieux, Guillaume</au><au>Zameziati, Karim</au><au>Belli, Alain</au><au>Hautier, Christophe A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Timing of muscle activation of the lower limbs can be modulated to maintain a constant pedaling cadence</atitle><jtitle>Journal of electromyography and kinesiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Electromyogr Kinesiol</addtitle><date>2009-12-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1100</spage><epage>1107</epage><pages>1100-1107</pages><issn>1050-6411</issn><eissn>1873-5711</eissn><abstract>Abstract This study investigated changes in muscle activity when subjects are asked to maintain a constant cadence during an unloaded condition. 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Timing of activation of rectus femoris and biceps femoris was dramatically modified to optimize pedal forces and maintain a constant cadence, while systematic changes in the activation level of the bi-articular muscles induced a relative increase in metabolic expenditure when pedaling during an unloaded condition.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19138863</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.11.014</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Bi-articular muscles
Bicycling - physiology
EMG
Humans
Leg - physiology
Male
Metabolic energy expenditure
Muscle Contraction - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Pedal forces
Physical Exertion - physiology
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Postural Balance - physiology
Psychomotor Performance - physiology
Unloaded condition
Young Adult
title Timing of muscle activation of the lower limbs can be modulated to maintain a constant pedaling cadence
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