Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008
The Canadian High Arctic has been warming for several decades. Over this period, tundra plant communities have been influenced by regional climate change, as well as other disturbances. At a site on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, we measured biomass and composition changes in a heath community o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2009-10, Vol.90 (10), p.2657-2663 |
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| creator | Hudson, J.M.G Henry, G.H.R |
| description | The Canadian High Arctic has been warming for several decades. Over this period, tundra plant communities have been influenced by regional climate change, as well as other disturbances. At a site on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, we measured biomass and composition changes in a heath community over 13 years using a point-intercept method in permanent plots (1995-2007) and over 27 years using a biomass harvest comparison (1981-2008). Results from both methods indicate that the community became more productive over time, suggesting that this ecosystem is currently in transition. Bryophyte and evergreen shrub abundances increased, while deciduous shrub, forb, graminoid, and lichen cover did not change. Species diversity also remained unchanged. Because of the greater evergreen shrub cover, canopy height increased. From 1995 to 2007, mean annual temperature and growing season length increased at the site. Maximum thaw depth increased, while soil water content did not change. We attribute the increased productivity of this community to regional warming over the past 30-50 years. This study provides the first plot-based evidence for the recent pan-Arctic increase in tundra productivity detected by satellite-based remote-sensing and repeat-photography studies. These types of ground-level observations are critical tools for detecting and projecting long-term community-level responses to warming. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1890/09-0102.1 |
| format | Article |
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Over this period, tundra plant communities have been influenced by regional climate change, as well as other disturbances. At a site on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, we measured biomass and composition changes in a heath community over 13 years using a point-intercept method in permanent plots (1995-2007) and over 27 years using a biomass harvest comparison (1981-2008). Results from both methods indicate that the community became more productive over time, suggesting that this ecosystem is currently in transition. Bryophyte and evergreen shrub abundances increased, while deciduous shrub, forb, graminoid, and lichen cover did not change. Species diversity also remained unchanged. Because of the greater evergreen shrub cover, canopy height increased. From 1995 to 2007, mean annual temperature and growing season length increased at the site. Maximum thaw depth increased, while soil water content did not change. We attribute the increased productivity of this community to regional warming over the past 30-50 years. This study provides the first plot-based evidence for the recent pan-Arctic increase in tundra productivity detected by satellite-based remote-sensing and repeat-photography studies. These types of ground-level observations are critical tools for detecting and projecting long-term community-level responses to warming.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/09-0102.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19886474</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomass ; botanical composition ; Bryophytes ; Bryopsida ; Canada ; Climate change ; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change ; Earth, ocean, space ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystems ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Flowers & plants ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Global warming ; growing season ; Harvest ; Heathlands ; International Tundra Experiment ; ITEX ; lichens ; Meteorology ; plant communities ; Plant Development ; plant ecology ; Plants ; primary production ; Productivity ; remote sensing ; satellites ; shrubs ; soil water content ; Synecology ; temperature ; Terrestrial ecosystems ; Time Factors ; tundra ; Tundras ; Vegetation ; warming</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2009-10, Vol.90 (10), p.2657-2663</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2009 The Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2009 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Oct 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5667-2aa6c869d89ab0c17cc21b1d49a45988ac2afd9d3677af849344262b4359e56a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5667-2aa6c869d89ab0c17cc21b1d49a45988ac2afd9d3677af849344262b4359e56a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25592800$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25592800$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,800,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556,57998,58231</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21990038$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19886474$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hudson, J.M.G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henry, G.H.R</creatorcontrib><title>Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><description>The Canadian High Arctic has been warming for several decades. Over this period, tundra plant communities have been influenced by regional climate change, as well as other disturbances. At a site on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, we measured biomass and composition changes in a heath community over 13 years using a point-intercept method in permanent plots (1995-2007) and over 27 years using a biomass harvest comparison (1981-2008). Results from both methods indicate that the community became more productive over time, suggesting that this ecosystem is currently in transition. Bryophyte and evergreen shrub abundances increased, while deciduous shrub, forb, graminoid, and lichen cover did not change. Species diversity also remained unchanged. Because of the greater evergreen shrub cover, canopy height increased. From 1995 to 2007, mean annual temperature and growing season length increased at the site. Maximum thaw depth increased, while soil water content did not change. We attribute the increased productivity of this community to regional warming over the past 30-50 years. This study provides the first plot-based evidence for the recent pan-Arctic increase in tundra productivity detected by satellite-based remote-sensing and repeat-photography studies. These types of ground-level observations are critical tools for detecting and projecting long-term community-level responses to warming.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Arctic Regions</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>botanical composition</subject><subject>Bryophytes</subject><subject>Bryopsida</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Global warming</subject><subject>growing season</subject><subject>Harvest</subject><subject>Heathlands</subject><subject>International Tundra Experiment</subject><subject>ITEX</subject><subject>lichens</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>plant communities</subject><subject>Plant Development</subject><subject>plant ecology</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>primary production</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>remote sensing</subject><subject>satellites</subject><subject>shrubs</subject><subject>soil water content</subject><subject>Synecology</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>tundra</subject><subject>Tundras</subject><subject>Vegetation</subject><subject>warming</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUuLFDEUhYMoTtu68AeoQVBxUWNuXpUsh2Z0RgZc6CxchVup1HQ19ehJqpD-96apxgFBswkh3z3nJIeQl8DOwVj2idmCAePn8IiswApbWCjZY7JiDHhhtTJn5FlKO5YXSPOUnIE1RstSrsjX68HHgCnUdN_hMNGqHXtMibYDRXrV3m3pRfRT6-k24LSlfuz7eWinA23i2NMsBHQaKWfMPCdPGuxSeHHa1-T28-WPzVVx8-3L9ebipvBK67LgiNobbWtjsWIeSu85VFBLi1LlXOg5NrWthS5LbIy0QkqueSWFskFpFGvyYdHdx_F-DmlyfZt86HL8MM7JlUICl8ZCJt__l-QASiuhM_j2L3A3znHIr8iMZUwrXWbo4wL5OKYUQ-P2se0xHhwwd-zBMeuOPbij8-uT4Fz1oX4gTx-fgXcnAJPHrok4-Db94bJrthUmc3rhfrVdOPzb0V1ufuYS8lQ-anVM-2oZ3KVpjA_CSllusvSavFnuGxwd3sVsfvudMxAMSs65suI3N5us2A</recordid><startdate>200910</startdate><enddate>200910</enddate><creator>Hudson, J.M.G</creator><creator>Henry, G.H.R</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200910</creationdate><title>Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008</title><author>Hudson, J.M.G ; Henry, G.H.R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5667-2aa6c869d89ab0c17cc21b1d49a45988ac2afd9d3677af849344262b4359e56a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Arctic Regions</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>botanical composition</topic><topic>Bryophytes</topic><topic>Bryopsida</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Global warming</topic><topic>growing season</topic><topic>Harvest</topic><topic>Heathlands</topic><topic>International Tundra Experiment</topic><topic>ITEX</topic><topic>lichens</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>plant communities</topic><topic>Plant Development</topic><topic>plant ecology</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>primary production</topic><topic>Productivity</topic><topic>remote sensing</topic><topic>satellites</topic><topic>shrubs</topic><topic>soil water content</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>temperature</topic><topic>Terrestrial ecosystems</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>tundra</topic><topic>Tundras</topic><topic>Vegetation</topic><topic>warming</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hudson, J.M.G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henry, G.H.R</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hudson, J.M.G</au><au>Henry, G.H.R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2009-10</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2657</spage><epage>2663</epage><pages>2657-2663</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>The Canadian High Arctic has been warming for several decades. Over this period, tundra plant communities have been influenced by regional climate change, as well as other disturbances. At a site on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, we measured biomass and composition changes in a heath community over 13 years using a point-intercept method in permanent plots (1995-2007) and over 27 years using a biomass harvest comparison (1981-2008). Results from both methods indicate that the community became more productive over time, suggesting that this ecosystem is currently in transition. Bryophyte and evergreen shrub abundances increased, while deciduous shrub, forb, graminoid, and lichen cover did not change. Species diversity also remained unchanged. Because of the greater evergreen shrub cover, canopy height increased. From 1995 to 2007, mean annual temperature and growing season length increased at the site. Maximum thaw depth increased, while soil water content did not change. We attribute the increased productivity of this community to regional warming over the past 30-50 years. This study provides the first plot-based evidence for the recent pan-Arctic increase in tundra productivity detected by satellite-based remote-sensing and repeat-photography studies. These types of ground-level observations are critical tools for detecting and projecting long-term community-level responses to warming.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>19886474</pmid><doi>10.1890/09-0102.1</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 2009-10, Vol.90 (10), p.2657-2663 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Jstor Complete Legacy |
| subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Arctic Regions Biodiversity Biological and medical sciences Biomass botanical composition Bryophytes Bryopsida Canada Climate change Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change Earth, ocean, space Ecology Ecosystem Ecosystems Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Flowers & plants Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Global warming growing season Harvest Heathlands International Tundra Experiment ITEX lichens Meteorology plant communities Plant Development plant ecology Plants primary production Productivity remote sensing satellites shrubs soil water content Synecology temperature Terrestrial ecosystems Time Factors tundra Tundras Vegetation warming |
| title | Increased plant biomass in a High Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008 |
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