Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study
Background Apathy has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome although it is difficult to differentiate from late life depression. In old age, apathy as a syndrome in itself and depression may have different etiologies. Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression in th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2009-11, Vol.24 (11), p.1177-1184 |
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| container_title | International journal of geriatric psychiatry |
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| creator | Maas, D. W. van der Mast, R. C. de Craen, A. J. M. |
| description | Background
Apathy has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome although it is difficult to differentiate from late life depression. In old age, apathy as a syndrome in itself and depression may have different etiologies. Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression in the elderly, but the relation with apathy is unknown.
Objective
To assess the relation between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apathy as a syndrome in itself, apart from depression, in subjects aged 85 and older.
Methods
All data come from the Leiden 85‐Plus Study, a prospective, population‐based study of 599 elderly subjects. CRP was measured at baseline. In all subjects with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥19 points (n = 500), apathy and depression were assessed annually from age 85 to 90 using the three apathy and twelve depression questions of the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The association between CRP and apathy or depressive symptoms was assessed both at baseline and longitudinally.
Results
At baseline, no association was found between CRP‐concentration and apathy or depression. In subjects free of apathy and depression at baseline, subjects in the highest CRP‐tertile at baseline had significantly more increase in depressive symptoms but not in apathy symptoms during follow‐up.
Conclusion
Higher CRP concentrations increased the risk of depression but not apathy in a community‐based cohort of 85 years old subjects. This suggests that apathy and depression in old age have different etiologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/gps.2242 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_734104999</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>21141540</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4462-9797c597f431cbc4ecdcd7952d91c014ab4d2843794338a5cf170b92b4486fd73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90V1rFDEUBuAgit1WwV8gQfDjZmpOkplMemcXXQtLXWj9uAuZJOOmzs6sSaZ1_71Zdqgg6FUCeThvDi9Cz4CcAiH07fdtPKWU0wdoBkTKAqCqHqIZqeuyqCgjR-g4xhtC8hvUj9ERSCp4xeoZur7oTXA6OovnRb6Y5G8d3oYhOd9jH3E_JKxjHIzXKaM7n9ZYb3Va785wWju8dN66HuegVTdGfJVGu3uCHrW6i-7pdJ6gzx_eX88_FstPi4v5u2VhOK9oIYUUppSi5QxMY7gz1lghS2olGAJcN9zSmjMhOWO1Lk0LgjSSNpzXVWsFO0GvD3Pzf3-OLia18dG4rtO9G8aoBONAuJQyy1f_lRSAQ8lJhi_-gjfDGPq8haKUlCAE3U97c0AmDDEG16pt8BsddgqI2heiciFqX0imz6d5Y7Nx9g-cGsjg5QR0NLprg-6Nj_cuhwpSwX7X4uDufOd2_wxUi9XVFDx5H5P7de91-KEqwUSpvl4u1Ip_-8LOzy_Vgv0GnjKtug</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>220517729</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Maas, D. W. ; van der Mast, R. C. ; de Craen, A. J. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Maas, D. W. ; van der Mast, R. C. ; de Craen, A. J. M.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Apathy has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome although it is difficult to differentiate from late life depression. In old age, apathy as a syndrome in itself and depression may have different etiologies. Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression in the elderly, but the relation with apathy is unknown.
Objective
To assess the relation between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apathy as a syndrome in itself, apart from depression, in subjects aged 85 and older.
Methods
All data come from the Leiden 85‐Plus Study, a prospective, population‐based study of 599 elderly subjects. CRP was measured at baseline. In all subjects with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥19 points (n = 500), apathy and depression were assessed annually from age 85 to 90 using the three apathy and twelve depression questions of the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The association between CRP and apathy or depressive symptoms was assessed both at baseline and longitudinally.
Results
At baseline, no association was found between CRP‐concentration and apathy or depression. In subjects free of apathy and depression at baseline, subjects in the highest CRP‐tertile at baseline had significantly more increase in depressive symptoms but not in apathy symptoms during follow‐up.
Conclusion
Higher CRP concentrations increased the risk of depression but not apathy in a community‐based cohort of 85 years old subjects. This suggests that apathy and depression in old age have different etiologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-6230</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1166</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/gps.2242</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19274638</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJGPES</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Apathy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; C-reactive protein ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Correlation analysis ; depression ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - immunology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; elderly ; Epidemiology ; Female ; General aspects ; general population ; Geriatric psychiatry ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; immune activation ; Immunity, Cellular - physiology ; longitudinal design ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mental depression ; Mood Disorders - diagnosis ; Mood Disorders - immunology ; Prospective Studies ; Proteins ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Studies</subject><ispartof>International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2009-11, Vol.24 (11), p.1177-1184</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright John Wiley and Sons, Limited Nov 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4462-9797c597f431cbc4ecdcd7952d91c014ab4d2843794338a5cf170b92b4486fd73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4462-9797c597f431cbc4ecdcd7952d91c014ab4d2843794338a5cf170b92b4486fd73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fgps.2242$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fgps.2242$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22070617$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19274638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maas, D. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Mast, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Craen, A. J. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study</title><title>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</title><addtitle>Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background
Apathy has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome although it is difficult to differentiate from late life depression. In old age, apathy as a syndrome in itself and depression may have different etiologies. Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression in the elderly, but the relation with apathy is unknown.
Objective
To assess the relation between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apathy as a syndrome in itself, apart from depression, in subjects aged 85 and older.
Methods
All data come from the Leiden 85‐Plus Study, a prospective, population‐based study of 599 elderly subjects. CRP was measured at baseline. In all subjects with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥19 points (n = 500), apathy and depression were assessed annually from age 85 to 90 using the three apathy and twelve depression questions of the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The association between CRP and apathy or depressive symptoms was assessed both at baseline and longitudinally.
Results
At baseline, no association was found between CRP‐concentration and apathy or depression. In subjects free of apathy and depression at baseline, subjects in the highest CRP‐tertile at baseline had significantly more increase in depressive symptoms but not in apathy symptoms during follow‐up.
Conclusion
Higher CRP concentrations increased the risk of depression but not apathy in a community‐based cohort of 85 years old subjects. This suggests that apathy and depression in old age have different etiologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Apathy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>C-reactive protein</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>depression</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - immunology</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>elderly</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>general population</subject><subject>Geriatric psychiatry</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>immune activation</subject><subject>Immunity, Cellular - physiology</subject><subject>longitudinal design</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - immunology</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0885-6230</issn><issn>1099-1166</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90V1rFDEUBuAgit1WwV8gQfDjZmpOkplMemcXXQtLXWj9uAuZJOOmzs6sSaZ1_71Zdqgg6FUCeThvDi9Cz4CcAiH07fdtPKWU0wdoBkTKAqCqHqIZqeuyqCgjR-g4xhtC8hvUj9ERSCp4xeoZur7oTXA6OovnRb6Y5G8d3oYhOd9jH3E_JKxjHIzXKaM7n9ZYb3Va785wWju8dN66HuegVTdGfJVGu3uCHrW6i-7pdJ6gzx_eX88_FstPi4v5u2VhOK9oIYUUppSi5QxMY7gz1lghS2olGAJcN9zSmjMhOWO1Lk0LgjSSNpzXVWsFO0GvD3Pzf3-OLia18dG4rtO9G8aoBONAuJQyy1f_lRSAQ8lJhi_-gjfDGPq8haKUlCAE3U97c0AmDDEG16pt8BsddgqI2heiciFqX0imz6d5Y7Nx9g-cGsjg5QR0NLprg-6Nj_cuhwpSwX7X4uDufOd2_wxUi9XVFDx5H5P7de91-KEqwUSpvl4u1Ip_-8LOzy_Vgv0GnjKtug</recordid><startdate>200911</startdate><enddate>200911</enddate><creator>Maas, D. W.</creator><creator>van der Mast, R. C.</creator><creator>de Craen, A. J. M.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Psychology Press</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200911</creationdate><title>Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study</title><author>Maas, D. W. ; van der Mast, R. C. ; de Craen, A. J. M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4462-9797c597f431cbc4ecdcd7952d91c014ab4d2843794338a5cf170b92b4486fd73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Apathy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>C-reactive protein</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>depression</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - immunology</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>elderly</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>general population</topic><topic>Geriatric psychiatry</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>immune activation</topic><topic>Immunity, Cellular - physiology</topic><topic>longitudinal design</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Mood Disorders - immunology</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maas, D. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Mast, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Craen, A. J. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maas, D. W.</au><au>van der Mast, R. C.</au><au>de Craen, A. J. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of geriatric psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2009-11</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1177</spage><epage>1184</epage><pages>1177-1184</pages><issn>0885-6230</issn><eissn>1099-1166</eissn><coden>IJGPES</coden><abstract>Background
Apathy has recently been recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome although it is difficult to differentiate from late life depression. In old age, apathy as a syndrome in itself and depression may have different etiologies. Inflammatory markers have been associated with depression in the elderly, but the relation with apathy is unknown.
Objective
To assess the relation between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apathy as a syndrome in itself, apart from depression, in subjects aged 85 and older.
Methods
All data come from the Leiden 85‐Plus Study, a prospective, population‐based study of 599 elderly subjects. CRP was measured at baseline. In all subjects with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥19 points (n = 500), apathy and depression were assessed annually from age 85 to 90 using the three apathy and twelve depression questions of the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). The association between CRP and apathy or depressive symptoms was assessed both at baseline and longitudinally.
Results
At baseline, no association was found between CRP‐concentration and apathy or depression. In subjects free of apathy and depression at baseline, subjects in the highest CRP‐tertile at baseline had significantly more increase in depressive symptoms but not in apathy symptoms during follow‐up.
Conclusion
Higher CRP concentrations increased the risk of depression but not apathy in a community‐based cohort of 85 years old subjects. This suggests that apathy and depression in old age have different etiologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>19274638</pmid><doi>10.1002/gps.2242</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged, 80 and over Aging Apathy Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - metabolism C-reactive protein C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Correlation analysis depression Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - immunology Diagnosis, Differential elderly Epidemiology Female General aspects general population Geriatric psychiatry Geriatrics Humans immune activation Immunity, Cellular - physiology longitudinal design Male Medical sciences Mental depression Mood Disorders - diagnosis Mood Disorders - immunology Prospective Studies Proteins Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Studies |
| title | Increased C-reactive protein is not associated with apathy: the Leiden 85-Plus Study |
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