A computational model of Parkinsonian handwriting that highlights the role of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia
Parkinsonian handwriting is typically characterized by micrographia, jagged line contour, and unusual fluctuations in pen velocity. In this paper we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of the basal ganglia, particularly the indirect pathway. Whereas reduc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human movement science 2009-10, Vol.28 (5), p.602-618 |
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| creator | Gangadhar, G. Joseph, D. Srinivasan, A.V. Subramanian, D. Shivakeshavan, R.G. Shobana, N. Chakravarthy, V.S. |
| description | Parkinsonian handwriting is typically characterized by micrographia, jagged line contour, and unusual fluctuations in pen velocity. In this paper we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of the basal ganglia, particularly the indirect pathway. Whereas reduced dopamine levels resulted in reduced letter size, transition of STN–GPe dynamics from desynchronized (normal) to synchronized (PD) condition resulted in increased fluctuations in velocity in the model. We also present handwriting data from PD patients (n=34) who are at various stages of disease and had taken medication various lengths of time before the handwriting sessions. The patient data are compared with those of age-matched controls. PD handwriting statistically exhibited smaller size and larger velocity fluctuation compared to normal handwriting. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.008 |
| format | Article |
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In this paper we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of the basal ganglia, particularly the indirect pathway. Whereas reduced dopamine levels resulted in reduced letter size, transition of STN–GPe dynamics from desynchronized (normal) to synchronized (PD) condition resulted in increased fluctuations in velocity in the model. We also present handwriting data from PD patients (n=34) who are at various stages of disease and had taken medication various lengths of time before the handwriting sessions. The patient data are compared with those of age-matched controls. PD handwriting statistically exhibited smaller size and larger velocity fluctuation compared to normal handwriting.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-9457</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7646</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19720411</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HMSCDO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Basal ganglia ; Basal Ganglia - physiopathology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Corpus Striatum - physiopathology ; Dopamine - blood ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Handwriting ; Humans ; India ; Kinetics ; Male ; Micrographia ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity - physiology ; Oscillatory neural networks ; Parkinson Disease - blood ; Parkinson Disease - physiopathology ; Parkinson’s disease ; Reference Values ; Substantia Nigra - physiopathology ; Subthalamic Nucleus - physiopathology ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. 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In this paper we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of the basal ganglia, particularly the indirect pathway. Whereas reduced dopamine levels resulted in reduced letter size, transition of STN–GPe dynamics from desynchronized (normal) to synchronized (PD) condition resulted in increased fluctuations in velocity in the model. We also present handwriting data from PD patients (n=34) who are at various stages of disease and had taken medication various lengths of time before the handwriting sessions. The patient data are compared with those of age-matched controls. PD handwriting statistically exhibited smaller size and larger velocity fluctuation compared to normal handwriting.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Basal ganglia</subject><subject>Basal Ganglia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Corpus Striatum - physiopathology</subject><subject>Dopamine - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Handwriting</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Micrographia</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Neurological</subject><subject>Motor Activity - physiology</subject><subject>Oscillatory neural networks</subject><subject>Parkinson Disease - blood</subject><subject>Parkinson Disease - physiopathology</subject><subject>Parkinson’s disease</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Substantia Nigra - physiopathology</subject><subject>Subthalamic Nucleus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><issn>0167-9457</issn><issn>1872-7646</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFv1DAQhS0EotvCL0BCuQCnDePEiZMDh6qCglQJDnC2Js5k4yWxF9vpqv8ep7uCWw-W7dH3nuz3GHvDIefA64_7fFxmd58XAG0OMgdonrENb2SxlbWon7NNouS2FZW8YJch7AGgFkK8ZBe8lQUIzjfseJ1pNx-WiNE4i1M2u56mzA3ZD_S_jQ3OGrTZiLY_ehON3WVxxJiNZjdOacWQ7pR5N9EqWs_G9saTjtkB43jEhzR4nHcYkv8O7W4y-Iq9GHAK9Pq8X7FfXz7_vPm6vft---3m-m6rBW_jlgjaFrDrqUTSWGEBJQ1VVetOa0EkgIPuOBe8agSvixa6EsqixUJyIInlFftw8j1492ehENVsgqZpQktuCUqWAqoGeJPI90-SBTQp6WoFyxOovQvB06AO3szoHxQHtTaj9uqxGbU2o0Cq1ExSvT3bL91M_X_NuYoEvDsDGDROg0erTfjHFUX6Zc1F4j6dOEqx3RvyKmhDVtMpddU78-RD_gLYgK6x</recordid><startdate>20091001</startdate><enddate>20091001</enddate><creator>Gangadhar, G.</creator><creator>Joseph, D.</creator><creator>Srinivasan, A.V.</creator><creator>Subramanian, D.</creator><creator>Shivakeshavan, R.G.</creator><creator>Shobana, N.</creator><creator>Chakravarthy, V.S.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091001</creationdate><title>A computational model of Parkinsonian handwriting that highlights the role of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia</title><author>Gangadhar, G. ; Joseph, D. ; Srinivasan, A.V. ; Subramanian, D. ; Shivakeshavan, R.G. ; Shobana, N. ; Chakravarthy, V.S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-ee0990abde3aeca5a203ef556cbcc4ee4010cb114158416290b30329a2710e7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Basal ganglia</topic><topic>Basal Ganglia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Corpus Striatum - physiopathology</topic><topic>Dopamine - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Handwriting</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>India</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Micrographia</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Models, Neurological</topic><topic>Motor Activity - physiology</topic><topic>Oscillatory neural networks</topic><topic>Parkinson Disease - blood</topic><topic>Parkinson Disease - physiopathology</topic><topic>Parkinson’s disease</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Substantia Nigra - physiopathology</topic><topic>Subthalamic Nucleus - physiopathology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gangadhar, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joseph, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srinivasan, A.V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subramanian, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shivakeshavan, R.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shobana, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chakravarthy, V.S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human movement science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gangadhar, G.</au><au>Joseph, D.</au><au>Srinivasan, A.V.</au><au>Subramanian, D.</au><au>Shivakeshavan, R.G.</au><au>Shobana, N.</au><au>Chakravarthy, V.S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A computational model of Parkinsonian handwriting that highlights the role of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia</atitle><jtitle>Human movement science</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Mov Sci</addtitle><date>2009-10-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>602</spage><epage>618</epage><pages>602-618</pages><issn>0167-9457</issn><eissn>1872-7646</eissn><coden>HMSCDO</coden><abstract>Parkinsonian handwriting is typically characterized by micrographia, jagged line contour, and unusual fluctuations in pen velocity. In this paper we present a computational model of handwriting generation that highlights the role of the basal ganglia, particularly the indirect pathway. Whereas reduced dopamine levels resulted in reduced letter size, transition of STN–GPe dynamics from desynchronized (normal) to synchronized (PD) condition resulted in increased fluctuations in velocity in the model. We also present handwriting data from PD patients (n=34) who are at various stages of disease and had taken medication various lengths of time before the handwriting sessions. The patient data are compared with those of age-matched controls. PD handwriting statistically exhibited smaller size and larger velocity fluctuation compared to normal handwriting.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>19720411</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.008</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Basal ganglia Basal Ganglia - physiopathology Biological and medical sciences Corpus Striatum - physiopathology Dopamine - blood Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Handwriting Humans India Kinetics Male Micrographia Middle Aged Models, Neurological Motor Activity - physiology Oscillatory neural networks Parkinson Disease - blood Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson’s disease Reference Values Substantia Nigra - physiopathology Subthalamic Nucleus - physiopathology Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| title | A computational model of Parkinsonian handwriting that highlights the role of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia |
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