Effects of maternal administration of 3% carbon dioxide on umbilical artery and fetal renal and middle cerebral artery Doppler waveforms

OBJECTIVE: The null hypothesis is that umbilical, middle cerebral, and renal artery pulsed Doppler velocity waveforms in the normal term fetus may be affected during short-term maternal inhalation of 3% carbon dioxide gas mixture. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-two observations were made on 14 term fetuses b...

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