Aberration of blastocyst microRNA expression is associated with human infertility

Objective To examine human blastocyst microRNA (miRNA) expression in correlation with human infertility. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via mechanisms such as degradation and translational suppression of targeted messenger RNAs. Recent data has pointed to the importance of miRNAs in disease states and during mouse embryo development. Design Descriptive study. Setting Nonprofit research foundation. Patient(s) Transferable quality human blastocysts donated with consent to research (n = 40). Intervention(s) Quantitative real-time PCR. Main Outcome Measure(s) MicroRNA expression profile. Result(s) Morphologically similar blastocysts derived from patients with polycystic ovaries or male factor infertility exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of six miRNAs in comparison with donor fertile control blastocysts ( P < 0.05). Annotation of predicted gene targets for these differentially expressed miRNAs included gene ontology (GO) biological processes involved in cell growth and maintenance and transcription as well as GO molecular functions implicated in nucleic acid binding and signal transducer activity. Three predicted miRNA target genes were selected for analysis and demonstrated significant altered expression consistent with aberrant miRNA profiles. Conclusion(s) This study describes for the first time that transferable quality blastocysts derived from infertile patients (male factor infertility and polycystic ovaries) possess aberrant miRNA profiles. With growing evidence indicating the importance of miRNAs during development, an association may exist with human infertility.