Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Anesthesiology (Philadelphia) 2003-07, Vol.99 (1), p.42-47
Hauptverfasser: KASPER, Stefan-Mario, MEINERT, Philipp, KAMPE, Sandra, GÖRG, Christoph, GEISEN, Christof, MEHLHORN, Uwe, DIEFENBACH, Christoph
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 47
container_issue 1
container_start_page 42
container_title Anesthesiology (Philadelphia)
container_volume 99
creator KASPER, Stefan-Mario
MEINERT, Philipp
KAMPE, Sandra
GÖRG, Christoph
GEISEN, Christof
MEHLHORN, Uwe
DIEFENBACH, Christoph
description Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P < 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.
doi_str_mv 10.1097/00000542-200307000-00010
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_73401430</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>73401430</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-263f9b71780a308d5617f06bb4623a26a7e4a39ba30e4245e93554c7c18b4a3a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUU1v1DAQtRCIbgt_AfkCt7Tjj8TJEVVAK63EBc7RxJmwQUm8tR1Bfh7_jFm60AuW7NF43puvJ4RUcK2gcTdwOqXVhQYw4Ngp-Cp4Jnaq1HWhlCufix3_mcKA1hfiMqXv7LrS1C_FhdK1rmoLO_Frj_EbFX1IJO-2PoafG-XDNsmUMfqDVAZu4NrKPlCSS8hyXHwkZHQ3hdDLKaQkcelljrikYU1jWGSkh3WMNNOSExOkDzEsGDeJMRObbjsi09LKpdn1YT5ipF7-GPPhv13wmNxFKTFzboZz5p7xp67TK_FiwCnR67O9El8_fvhye1fsP3-6v32_L7xpVC50ZYamc8rVgAbqvqyUG6DqOltpg7pCRxZN03GQrLYlNaYsrXde1R0H0FyJd495jzE8rJRyO4_J0zThQmFNrTMWlDXAwPoR6CMvJ9LQHuM48_itgvYkX_tXvvaffO0f-Zj65lxj7Wbqn4hnvRjw9gzA5HEaeOl-TE842xgAfn4DDPekuw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>73401430</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Journals@Ovid Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>KASPER, Stefan-Mario ; MEINERT, Philipp ; KAMPE, Sandra ; GÖRG, Christoph ; GEISEN, Christof ; MEHLHORN, Uwe ; DIEFENBACH, Christoph</creator><creatorcontrib>KASPER, Stefan-Mario ; MEINERT, Philipp ; KAMPE, Sandra ; GÖRG, Christoph ; GEISEN, Christof ; MEHLHORN, Uwe ; DIEFENBACH, Christoph</creatorcontrib><description>Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P &lt; 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-3022</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-1175</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200307000-00010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12826840</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANESAV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott</publisher><subject>Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia depending on type of surgery ; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Loss, Surgical - physiopathology ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - administration &amp; dosage ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - adverse effects ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - therapeutic use ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Substitutes - administration &amp; dosage ; Plasma Substitutes - adverse effects ; Plasma Substitutes - therapeutic use ; Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass ; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</subject><ispartof>Anesthesiology (Philadelphia), 2003-07, Vol.99 (1), p.42-47</ispartof><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-263f9b71780a308d5617f06bb4623a26a7e4a39ba30e4245e93554c7c18b4a3a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=14930049$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12826840$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>KASPER, Stefan-Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MEINERT, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KAMPE, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GÖRG, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GEISEN, Christof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MEHLHORN, Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DIEFENBACH, Christoph</creatorcontrib><title>Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses</title><title>Anesthesiology (Philadelphia)</title><addtitle>Anesthesiology</addtitle><description>Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P &lt; 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Anesthesia depending on type of surgery</subject><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Coagulation Tests</subject><subject>Blood Loss, Surgical - physiopathology</subject><subject>Blood Transfusion</subject><subject>Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis</subject><subject>Coronary Artery Bypass</subject><subject>Erythrocyte Transfusion</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - adverse effects</subject><subject>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Intraoperative Period</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Plasma Substitutes - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Plasma Substitutes - adverse effects</subject><subject>Plasma Substitutes - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass</subject><subject>Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</subject><issn>0003-3022</issn><issn>1528-1175</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptUU1v1DAQtRCIbgt_AfkCt7Tjj8TJEVVAK63EBc7RxJmwQUm8tR1Bfh7_jFm60AuW7NF43puvJ4RUcK2gcTdwOqXVhQYw4Ngp-Cp4Jnaq1HWhlCufix3_mcKA1hfiMqXv7LrS1C_FhdK1rmoLO_Frj_EbFX1IJO-2PoafG-XDNsmUMfqDVAZu4NrKPlCSS8hyXHwkZHQ3hdDLKaQkcelljrikYU1jWGSkh3WMNNOSExOkDzEsGDeJMRObbjsi09LKpdn1YT5ipF7-GPPhv13wmNxFKTFzboZz5p7xp67TK_FiwCnR67O9El8_fvhye1fsP3-6v32_L7xpVC50ZYamc8rVgAbqvqyUG6DqOltpg7pCRxZN03GQrLYlNaYsrXde1R0H0FyJd495jzE8rJRyO4_J0zThQmFNrTMWlDXAwPoR6CMvJ9LQHuM48_itgvYkX_tXvvaffO0f-Zj65lxj7Wbqn4hnvRjw9gzA5HEaeOl-TE842xgAfn4DDPekuw</recordid><startdate>20030701</startdate><enddate>20030701</enddate><creator>KASPER, Stefan-Mario</creator><creator>MEINERT, Philipp</creator><creator>KAMPE, Sandra</creator><creator>GÖRG, Christoph</creator><creator>GEISEN, Christof</creator><creator>MEHLHORN, Uwe</creator><creator>DIEFENBACH, Christoph</creator><general>Lippincott</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20030701</creationdate><title>Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses</title><author>KASPER, Stefan-Mario ; MEINERT, Philipp ; KAMPE, Sandra ; GÖRG, Christoph ; GEISEN, Christof ; MEHLHORN, Uwe ; DIEFENBACH, Christoph</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-263f9b71780a308d5617f06bb4623a26a7e4a39ba30e4245e93554c7c18b4a3a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anesthesia</topic><topic>Anesthesia depending on type of surgery</topic><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Coagulation Tests</topic><topic>Blood Loss, Surgical - physiopathology</topic><topic>Blood Transfusion</topic><topic>Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis</topic><topic>Coronary Artery Bypass</topic><topic>Erythrocyte Transfusion</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - adverse effects</topic><topic>Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Intraoperative Period</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Plasma Substitutes - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Plasma Substitutes - adverse effects</topic><topic>Plasma Substitutes - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass</topic><topic>Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>KASPER, Stefan-Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MEINERT, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KAMPE, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GÖRG, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GEISEN, Christof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MEHLHORN, Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DIEFENBACH, Christoph</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Anesthesiology (Philadelphia)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>KASPER, Stefan-Mario</au><au>MEINERT, Philipp</au><au>KAMPE, Sandra</au><au>GÖRG, Christoph</au><au>GEISEN, Christof</au><au>MEHLHORN, Uwe</au><au>DIEFENBACH, Christoph</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses</atitle><jtitle>Anesthesiology (Philadelphia)</jtitle><addtitle>Anesthesiology</addtitle><date>2003-07-01</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>42</spage><epage>47</epage><pages>42-47</pages><issn>0003-3022</issn><eissn>1528-1175</eissn><coden>ANESAV</coden><abstract>Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a dose of up to 33 ml/kg. One hundred twenty adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized to receive up to 50 ml/kg of 6% HES 130/0.4 or up to 33 ml/kg of 6% HES 200/0.5 for volume replacement during surgery and until 24 h thereafter. Volume requirements in excess of the respective maximum dose of HES were treated with gelatin. Colloid use was at the discretion of the attending physicians and not dictated by protocol. The primary outcome variable was chest tube drainage volume during the first 24 h after surgery. The data from 117 patients (HES 130/0.4, 59 patients; HES 200/0.5, 58 patients) who completed the study according to protocol were analyzed. The median volumes of HES administered were 49 and 33 ml/kg in the HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 groups, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Consequently, patients in the HES 130/0.4 group required less gelatin in addition to HES than those in the HES 200/0.5 group (medians: 7 ml/kg vs. 20 ml/kg, P &lt; 0.001). The combined volumes of HES and gelatin were similar for both groups (P = 0.21). The 24-h chest tube drainage (medians: 660 ml vs. 705 ml, P = 0.60) did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did transfusion outcome. Six percent HES 130/0.4 at a median dose of 49 ml/kg did not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with 6% HES 200/0.5 at a median dose of 33 ml/kg.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott</pub><pmid>12826840</pmid><doi>10.1097/00000542-200307000-00010</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0003-3022
ispartof Anesthesiology (Philadelphia), 2003-07, Vol.99 (1), p.42-47
issn 0003-3022
1528-1175
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_73401430
source MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects Aged
Anesthesia
Anesthesia depending on type of surgery
Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Coagulation Tests
Blood Loss, Surgical - physiopathology
Blood Transfusion
Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis
Coronary Artery Bypass
Erythrocyte Transfusion
Female
Humans
Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - administration & dosage
Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - adverse effects
Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives - therapeutic use
Intraoperative Period
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Plasma Substitutes - administration & dosage
Plasma Substitutes - adverse effects
Plasma Substitutes - therapeutic use
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass
Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy
title Large-dose Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in coronary artery bypass surgery compared with Hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 at recommended doses
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T04%3A56%3A14IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Large-dose%20Hydroxyethyl%20starch%20130/0.4%20does%20not%20increase%20blood%20loss%20and%20transfusion%20requirements%20in%20coronary%20artery%20bypass%20surgery%20compared%20with%20Hydroxyethyl%20starch%20200/0.5%20at%20recommended%20doses&rft.jtitle=Anesthesiology%20(Philadelphia)&rft.au=KASPER,%20Stefan-Mario&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.epage=47&rft.pages=42-47&rft.issn=0003-3022&rft.eissn=1528-1175&rft.coden=ANESAV&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097/00000542-200307000-00010&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E73401430%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=73401430&rft_id=info:pmid/12826840&rfr_iscdi=true