Architecture of the wood-wide web: Rhizopogon spp. genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts
The role of mycorrhizal networks in forest dynamics is poorly understood because of the elusiveness of their spatial structure. We mapped the belowground distribution of the fungi Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor and interior Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The New phytologist 2010-01, Vol.185 (2), p.543-553 |
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| creator | Beiler, Kevin J. Durall, Daniel M. Simard, Suzanne W. Maxwell, Sheri A. Kretzer, Annette M. |
| description | The role of mycorrhizal networks in forest dynamics is poorly understood because of the elusiveness of their spatial structure. We mapped the belowground distribution of the fungi Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor and interior Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to determine the architecture of a mycorrhizal network in a multi-aged old-growth forest. Rhizopogon spp. mycorrhizas were collected within a 30 x 30 m plot. Trees and fungal genets were identified using multi-locus microsatellite DNA analysis. Tree genotypes from mycorrhizas were matched to reference trees aboveground. Two trees were considered linked if they shared the same fungal genet(s). The two Rhizopogon species each formed 13-14 genets, each colonizing up to 19 trees in the plot. Rhizopogon vesiculosus genets were larger, occurred at greater depths, and linked more trees than genets of R. vinicolor. Multiple tree cohorts were linked, with young saplings established within the mycorrhizal network of Douglas-fir veterans. A strong positive relationship was found between tree size and connectivity, resulting in a scale-free network architecture with small-world properties. This mycorrhizal network architecture suggests an efficient and robust network, where large trees play a foundational role in facilitating conspecific regeneration and stabilizing the ecosystem. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03069.x |
| format | Article |
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We mapped the belowground distribution of the fungi Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor and interior Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to determine the architecture of a mycorrhizal network in a multi-aged old-growth forest. Rhizopogon spp. mycorrhizas were collected within a 30 x 30 m plot. Trees and fungal genets were identified using multi-locus microsatellite DNA analysis. Tree genotypes from mycorrhizas were matched to reference trees aboveground. Two trees were considered linked if they shared the same fungal genet(s). The two Rhizopogon species each formed 13-14 genets, each colonizing up to 19 trees in the plot. Rhizopogon vesiculosus genets were larger, occurred at greater depths, and linked more trees than genets of R. vinicolor. Multiple tree cohorts were linked, with young saplings established within the mycorrhizal network of Douglas-fir veterans. A strong positive relationship was found between tree size and connectivity, resulting in a scale-free network architecture with small-world properties. This mycorrhizal network architecture suggests an efficient and robust network, where large trees play a foundational role in facilitating conspecific regeneration and stabilizing the ecosystem.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-646X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8137</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03069.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19878460</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Architecture ; Basidiomycota - genetics ; Cohorts ; Computer architecture ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA, Fungal ; DNA, Plant ; Ecosystem ; ectomycorrhizae ; ectomycorrhizas ; Evergreen trees ; Forest ecosystems ; Forest regeneration ; forest stability ; fungal genet ; Fungi ; Genets ; Genotypes ; Hyperlinks ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microsatellites ; Mycorrhizae - genetics ; mycorrhizal network ; Mycorrhizas ; Old growth forests ; Pine trees ; Plant roots ; Plants ; Pseudotsuga - anatomy & histology ; Pseudotsuga - genetics ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) ; Regeneration ; Regeneration (biological) ; Rhizopogon ; Stabilizing ; stand dynamics ; Trees</subject><ispartof>The New phytologist, 2010-01, Vol.185 (2), p.543-553</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2010 New Phytologist Trust</rights><rights>The Authors (2009). 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We mapped the belowground distribution of the fungi Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor and interior Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to determine the architecture of a mycorrhizal network in a multi-aged old-growth forest. Rhizopogon spp. mycorrhizas were collected within a 30 x 30 m plot. Trees and fungal genets were identified using multi-locus microsatellite DNA analysis. Tree genotypes from mycorrhizas were matched to reference trees aboveground. Two trees were considered linked if they shared the same fungal genet(s). The two Rhizopogon species each formed 13-14 genets, each colonizing up to 19 trees in the plot. Rhizopogon vesiculosus genets were larger, occurred at greater depths, and linked more trees than genets of R. vinicolor. Multiple tree cohorts were linked, with young saplings established within the mycorrhizal network of Douglas-fir veterans. A strong positive relationship was found between tree size and connectivity, resulting in a scale-free network architecture with small-world properties. This mycorrhizal network architecture suggests an efficient and robust network, where large trees play a foundational role in facilitating conspecific regeneration and stabilizing the ecosystem.</description><subject>Architecture</subject><subject>Basidiomycota - genetics</subject><subject>Cohorts</subject><subject>Computer architecture</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA, Fungal</subject><subject>DNA, Plant</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>ectomycorrhizae</subject><subject>ectomycorrhizas</subject><subject>Evergreen trees</subject><subject>Forest ecosystems</subject><subject>Forest regeneration</subject><subject>forest stability</subject><subject>fungal genet</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Genets</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Hyperlinks</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats</subject><subject>Microsatellites</subject><subject>Mycorrhizae - genetics</subject><subject>mycorrhizal network</subject><subject>Mycorrhizas</subject><subject>Old growth forests</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>Plant roots</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Pseudotsuga - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Pseudotsuga - genetics</subject><subject>Pseudotsuga menziesii</subject><subject>Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)</subject><subject>Regeneration</subject><subject>Regeneration (biological)</subject><subject>Rhizopogon</subject><subject>Stabilizing</subject><subject>stand dynamics</subject><subject>Trees</subject><issn>0028-646X</issn><issn>1469-8137</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNke1r1TAUxoMo7jr9E9SAoJ9a89LmZeCHMZ0bDBWdIPghtGlyb2pvU5OWu-2vN7WXDfwgy5cceH7POZzzAAAxynF6b9scF0xmAlOeE4RkjihiMr96AFa3wkOwQoiIjBXsxwF4EmOLElky8hgcYCm4KBhagZ_HQW_caPQ4BQO9hePGwJ33TbZzTapMfQS_btyNH_za9zAOQw7XpjdjhJ3rf8Ht1I1u6Ax876d1V8XMugC13_gwxqfgka26aJ7t_0Nwefrh8uQsu_j88fzk-CLTjCCZyQZTZmtmSsMqwXRhhRVVw2usLasbqVHFGee6QRTzpkGopIVlsqiFsaUt6CF4s7Qdgv89mTiqrYvadF3VGz9FxSlN63IqEvn6vyTBFEnG0D1AIkpZ0AS--gds_RT6tK0iJSYU05LhRImF0sHHGIxVQ3DbKlwrjNQcqGrVnJuac1NzoOpvoOoqWV_sB0z11jR3xn2CCXi3ADvXmet7N1afvpzNVfI_X_xtHH249ZOSpVPQMukvF91WXlXr4KL6_o2gdCnMCZWI0T_wfsEv</recordid><startdate>201001</startdate><enddate>201001</enddate><creator>Beiler, Kevin J.</creator><creator>Durall, Daniel M.</creator><creator>Simard, Suzanne W.</creator><creator>Maxwell, Sheri A.</creator><creator>Kretzer, Annette M.</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201001</creationdate><title>Architecture of the wood-wide web: Rhizopogon spp. genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts</title><author>Beiler, Kevin J. ; 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We mapped the belowground distribution of the fungi Rhizopogon vesiculosus and Rhizopogon vinicolor and interior Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) to determine the architecture of a mycorrhizal network in a multi-aged old-growth forest. Rhizopogon spp. mycorrhizas were collected within a 30 x 30 m plot. Trees and fungal genets were identified using multi-locus microsatellite DNA analysis. Tree genotypes from mycorrhizas were matched to reference trees aboveground. Two trees were considered linked if they shared the same fungal genet(s). The two Rhizopogon species each formed 13-14 genets, each colonizing up to 19 trees in the plot. Rhizopogon vesiculosus genets were larger, occurred at greater depths, and linked more trees than genets of R. vinicolor. Multiple tree cohorts were linked, with young saplings established within the mycorrhizal network of Douglas-fir veterans. A strong positive relationship was found between tree size and connectivity, resulting in a scale-free network architecture with small-world properties. This mycorrhizal network architecture suggests an efficient and robust network, where large trees play a foundational role in facilitating conspecific regeneration and stabilizing the ecosystem.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>19878460</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03069.x</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Wiley Free Content; MEDLINE; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Architecture Basidiomycota - genetics Cohorts Computer architecture Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Fungal DNA, Plant Ecosystem ectomycorrhizae ectomycorrhizas Evergreen trees Forest ecosystems Forest regeneration forest stability fungal genet Fungi Genets Genotypes Hyperlinks Microsatellite Repeats Microsatellites Mycorrhizae - genetics mycorrhizal network Mycorrhizas Old growth forests Pine trees Plant roots Plants Pseudotsuga - anatomy & histology Pseudotsuga - genetics Pseudotsuga menziesii Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) Regeneration Regeneration (biological) Rhizopogon Stabilizing stand dynamics Trees |
| title | Architecture of the wood-wide web: Rhizopogon spp. genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts |
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