Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008
Summary Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of differe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Brain stimulation 2008-07, Vol.1 (3), p.206-223 |
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| creator | Nitsche, Michael A., MD Cohen, Leonardo G., MD Wassermann, Eric M., MD Priori, Alberto, MD, PhD Lang, Nicolas, MD Antal, Andrea, PhD Paulus, Walter, MD Hummel, Friedhelm, MD Boggio, Paulo S., PhD Fregni, Felipe, MD, PhD Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD |
| description | Summary Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, in various studies, to result in modifications of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004 |
| format | Article |
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Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, in various studies, to result in modifications of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. 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Recently, DC polarization of the brain was reintroduced as a noninvasive technique to alter cortical activity in humans. Beyond this, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of different cortical areas has been shown, in various studies, to result in modifications of perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral functions. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that it can induce beneficial effects in brain disorders. Brain stimulation with weak direct currents is a promising tool in human neuroscience and neurobehavioral research. To facilitate and standardize future tDCS studies, we offer this overview of the state of the art for tDCS.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>brain</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>neuroplasticity</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>tDCS</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - instrumentation</subject><subject>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - instrumentation</subject><subject>Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - methods</subject><issn>1935-861X</issn><issn>1876-4754</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kT1P5DAQhq0TiI89fgDNKR1VwtiOP3JISAjxcRISxW5xneV1Jjov2QRs5yT-PY4WKChoPC7e952ZZwg5pVBRoPJ8U61DrBiArkBWAPUPckS1kmWtRL2X_w0XpZb07yE5jnEDIJpGqwNyyEByzrU8IperYIfo8uNtX7Q-oEuFm0LAIRUx-e3U2-TH4XexTDZhMXZF-oeFDamY-_4k-53tI5681wVZ3d6sru_Lh8e7P9dXD6UTjKZS2FZZQTumLOVUAZOs1rqTtuXAKeNNXWvqWofMuU5w1QhsuK1RNSDWbccX5GwX-xzGlwljMlsfHfa9HXCcolGc58UYlVlJd0oXxhgDduY5-K0Nr4aCmaGZjcnQzDy8AWkytOz59Z4-rbfYfjo-KGXBxU6AecX_HoOJzuPgcMfLtKP_Nv7yi9v1fvDO9k_4inEzTmHI7Aw1kRkwy_lq89FAQ7aD4G9nRJAJ</recordid><startdate>20080701</startdate><enddate>20080701</enddate><creator>Nitsche, Michael A., MD</creator><creator>Cohen, Leonardo G., MD</creator><creator>Wassermann, Eric M., MD</creator><creator>Priori, Alberto, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Lang, Nicolas, MD</creator><creator>Antal, Andrea, PhD</creator><creator>Paulus, Walter, MD</creator><creator>Hummel, Friedhelm, MD</creator><creator>Boggio, Paulo S., PhD</creator><creator>Fregni, Felipe, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080701</creationdate><title>Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008</title><author>Nitsche, Michael A., MD ; Cohen, Leonardo G., MD ; Wassermann, Eric M., MD ; Priori, Alberto, MD, PhD ; Lang, Nicolas, MD ; Antal, Andrea, PhD ; Paulus, Walter, MD ; Hummel, Friedhelm, MD ; Boggio, Paulo S., PhD ; Fregni, Felipe, MD, PhD ; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-5ad7a51f27a13170262488f6ad30312394481cdce2ccf53795e93a4e7905bdf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>brain</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>neuroplasticity</topic><topic>Research Design</topic><topic>tDCS</topic><topic>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - instrumentation</topic><topic>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - instrumentation</topic><topic>Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nitsche, Michael A., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Leonardo G., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wassermann, Eric M., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Priori, Alberto, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lang, Nicolas, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antal, Andrea, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paulus, Walter, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hummel, Friedhelm, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boggio, Paulo S., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fregni, Felipe, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Brain stimulation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nitsche, Michael A., MD</au><au>Cohen, Leonardo G., MD</au><au>Wassermann, Eric M., MD</au><au>Priori, Alberto, MD, PhD</au><au>Lang, Nicolas, MD</au><au>Antal, Andrea, PhD</au><au>Paulus, Walter, MD</au><au>Hummel, Friedhelm, MD</au><au>Boggio, Paulo S., PhD</au><au>Fregni, Felipe, MD, PhD</au><au>Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008</atitle><jtitle>Brain stimulation</jtitle><addtitle>Brain Stimul</addtitle><date>2008-07-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>206</spage><epage>223</epage><pages>206-223</pages><issn>1935-861X</issn><eissn>1876-4754</eissn><abstract>Summary Effects of weak electrical currents on brain and neuronal function were first described decades ago. 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| subjects | Animals brain Cerebral Cortex - physiology human Humans Neurology neuroplasticity Research Design tDCS Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - instrumentation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - instrumentation Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - methods |
| title | Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008 |
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